When information asymmetry increases, actual value of stock a firm is different from value that investors got for that. This research provides evidence on the role of information asymmetry on equity overvaluation. For hypothesis test by collection of financial data about 63 listed companies in in Tehran Stock Exchange by using correlation analysis, was tested. Results of research show that information asymmetry has a positive and significant relationship with equity over valuation. Indeed, in studying companies in Tehran stock exchange, when managers have information advantages and manipulate earning, tend to intensify overvaluation and destroy shareholder wealth.

Researches show that if market value of stock in a firm exceeds its true value, this overvaluation affects the managerial behavior and corporation actions. This research provides evidence on the role of equity overvaluation on income-increasing earnings management in the future. For this purpose the impact of equity overvaluation on subsequent income-increasing earnings management is examined, using collection of financial data in the years 2004 to 2008 for about 60 listed companies in Tehran Stock Exchange, and using correlation analysis, regression analysis and mean-difference testing methods. Results of the research show that equity overvaluation has positive and significant relationship with subsequent income-increasing earnings management. Indeed in the studied companies in Tehran Stock Exchange, when stock would overvalue by the market, firms management tend to support valuation errors to access benefit of stock price rising through discretionary accruals manipulation.

Objective: Companies that are valued more than their real value, do not have the ability to achieve the expected level of performance, proportionate with the stock market price and managers due to the many benefits of very high stock prices, such as easy access to capital market funds, higher job security and more rewards, instead of correcting equity overvaluation, they use various techniques such as earnings management to support incorrect stock values. Certainly, in the years when the company's financial situation is unfavorable and there are signs of moving towards a financial crisis for the managers, the incentive to earning management increases in order to hide the poor performance of the company and take measures to justify the stock incorrect prices. Given the importance of the subject of equity overvaluation and its consequences, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between equity overvaluation and company's financial crisis and the role of earnings management on this relationship. Methods: According to the purpose of the study, this research is applied research. To investigate the subject, data of 104 companies listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange for the period from 2011 to 2020 was selected. Data analysis and hypotheses testing was performed using Panel Generalized Linear Models and logistic regression model by R software. Equity overvaluation based on the Rhodes-Kropff et al. (2005) method are measured and companies in financial crisis based on the existence of each of the three conditions: 3 consecutive years of loss, a 40% reduction in dividends over the previous year and subject to Article 141 of the Commercial low, was selected. Results: The results show that there is a positive and significant relationship between equity overvaluation and financial crisis. In other words, equity overvaluation (increasing evaluation errors) increases the risk of corporate financial crisis. Other findings suggest that earnings management does not moderate the relationship between equity overvaluation and financial crisis. Conclusion: Given that the equity overvaluation is not permanent and the stock market value will move towards the real value, in the end, the equity overvaluation will lead to operating loss, net loss and consecutive retained loss for the company and will cause the company will not be able to have the necessary cash resources for dividends and will face a reduction in dividends and eventually, based on the losses, more than half of the company's capital will be lost. So, when the stock market value is above its real value and the company is not able to provide the performance needed to justify its stock market value, Can reduce the company's profitability and increase likelihood of inability to repay interest and debt, lower corporate cash inflow from total interest expense for long-term debt, losing or being negative Special value of the company which in fact each of these, indicates the company's entry into the financial crisis that in the last and most acute phase of the financial crisis, it can lead to bankruptcy of companies.

This study investigates the impact of overvaluation on the relation between benchmark beating and unexpected accruals in firms listed in Tehran Stock Exchange. The sample consists of 105 firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2009 to 2016. To analyze data and test hypotheses, multivariate regression model is used. Results show that there is no significant relation between overvaluation and unexpected accruals. Also, findings indicate a significant relation between benchmark beating and unexpected accruals, which is in compliance with results of Coulton et al (2015) and Farajzadeh et al (1394) research. Finally, results show that overvaluation has an significant impact on the relation between benchmark beating and unexpected accruals, which is in compliance with results of Coulton et alresearch (2015).

A firm is called to have stock price crash risk if the firm has a tendency to experience a sudden drop in its stock price. In this study, the relation between the firm-level of business strategy and future stock price crash risk Is examined, as well as the effect of stock overvaluation on the relationship between business strategy and crash risk investigated. Using the strategy index and crash risk indicators the question that whether innovative business strategies (prospectors) are more prone to future crash risk than defenders is investigated. In so doing, we identify two main hypotheses and the data of 111 listed companies of Tehran Stock Exchange for the period between 2009 and 2017 were analyzed and a panel data approach has been used to test of research hypotheses. We develop a measure of business strategy based on Miles and Snow and test the association between this business strategy measure, overvaluation and stock price crash risk. Our investigations show that overvalued firms on average have higher price crash risk.

The most comprehensive criteria for evaluating management performance is economic value added, accounting added value, and over-valuation, which can best reflect how managers operate because of the information content that they provide. Therefore, considering the importance of earnings, this study investigates The Role of Earnings Management in Economic Growth and the Corporate’, s Growth Illusion in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2012-2018 using systematic elimination method of information of 150 selected companies. The study data and theoretical foundations were collected through library studies. Hypotheses were tested using correlation method and multivariate regression. The results showed that with increasing in real earnings management, economic value added and accounting added value also increased. Also, with the increase in revenue earnings management, economic value added and accounting added value also increase. But there was no significant relationship between accrual earnings management and income with accounting added value. There is a positive significant relationship between actual earnings management resulting from abnormal and overvaluation operating cash flows and, there is a positive and significant relationship between accrual earnings management and overvaluation.

This study examines empirically the effect of equity overvaluation on future stock price crash risk in companies with greater information asymmetry. Using the information asymmetry and crash risk indicators, the question that whether overvalued firms are more prone to future crash risk is investigated. Accordingly, the first purpose of this study is to investigate the relation between overvaluation and the future stock price crash risk.With the increase of information asymmetry between a firm and the market, managers have more abilities and opportunities to withhold bad news and accelerating the release of good news. As a result, it is expected that the information asymmetry between managers and investors increases future stock price crash risk.In so doing, we identify one main hypothesis and three subsidiary ones and the data of 111 listed companies of Tehran Stock Exchange for the period between 2009 and 2017 were analyzed and A panel data approach has been used to test of research hypotheses.According to the results, there is a positive and significant relationship between the overvaluation and the future stock price crash risk of companies which are operating in monopolistic markets and this relation intensified by the information asymmetry.

The concept of overvaluation is the market price of share higher than its intrinsic value. Financial and accounting literature indicates that the managers of overvalued firms use the real earnings management to maintain this position. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of over-valuation stock prices on real earnings managemen. Target sample consists of 80 companies during 1383-1391. Following Badertscher (2011), proxies of real earnings management are including of abnormal operating cash flows, abnormal production costs and abnormal discretionary expenses. Also, the ratio of the market price to intrinsic value is considered as a proxy of stock over-valuation, Residual income model was used to measure the intrinsic value, Panel data method was applied to examine the effect of over-valuation on real earnings management. Results indicate that the over-valuation has significant effect on abnormal operating cash flows, abnormal discretionary expenses and abnormal production costs as the proxies of real earnings management. In other words, these results can be deduced that firms with higher value of shares are expected tendency to sustain high performance and earnings management.