Object relations have A key role in psychoanalytic approach. Thus providing a persian version of a scale to assess Object relations is helpful for elaborating empirical studies in this approach. the aim of the present study is to investigate validity, reliability, and factorial structure of the Persian version of the Bell Object relations inventory (BORI). convenience sampling is used to select 558 students from the university of Tehran. First, by the method of translation-back translation, the Persian version of BORI is prepared. then BORI and defense mechanism questionnaire (DSQ) are completed by the sample. Data analysis is performed by using of Pearson correlation coefficients, parallel, and exploratory factorial analysis. Factorial analyses show four factors named egocentricity, alienation, insecure attachment, and social incompetence. Cronbach Alpha and split-half coefficients are 66/0-77/0 and 60/0-77/0, respectively. significant correlations between Object relations and defense mechanisms shows convergent and divergent validity of BORI. Accordingly, the reliability and construct validity of the Persian version of BORI are confi rmed. Therefore, BORI for psychological research among Iranian samples is suitable.

the purpose of this study was to investigate the roles of Object relations and defense mechanisms in predicting social anxiety. The sample of 558 students were selected from the University of Tehran by convenience sampling method. The participants completed Bell Object relations Inventory (BORI; Bell, Becker & Billington, 1986), Defense Styles Questionnaire (DSQ; Andrews, Singh & Bond, 1993) and Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN; Connor, et.al, 2000). The results indicated that social anxiety is significantly correlated with Object relation dimensions (i.e., egocentricity, alienation, insecure attachment and social incompetence) and mature defense styles (suppression and humor). The correlations between social anxiety and all immature defense styles were significant except the correlation with denial. The results of step by step regression indicated that social incompetence, insecure attachment, autistic fantasy, dissociation and passive aggressive were the most important predictors of social anxiety. The findings empirically supported psychodynamic explanations about psychopathology, and also indicated the roles of Object relations and immature defenses in social anxiety.

Introduction: The purpose of this research was to identify the psychodynamic dimensions of Object relations and determine its role in predicting marital satisfaction. Method: 194 married men and women were purposefully selected in Tehran who had been married for at least 2 years and did not have an acute psychiatric disorder. Participants completed the Bell Object relations Inventory (2003) and ENRICH marital satisfaction scale (1993). Results: The results of correlation analysis showed that there is a significant negative relationship between marital satisfaction and the dimensions of Object relations (egocentricity, alienation, insecure attachment and social inadequacy). The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that different dimensions of Object relations including egocentricity (R2=0. 394, p<0. 001), insecure attachment (R2=0. 054, p<0. 001) and social inadequacy (R2=0. 016, p=0. 05) are the most significant variables in predicting marital dissatisfaction. Moreover, results showed that egocentricity (R2=0. 444, p<0. 001), and social inadequacy (R2=0. 061, p<0. 001) in men and egocentricity (R2=0/323, P<0/001) and insecure attachment (R2=0. 061, p<0. 001) in women, respectively are predictors of marital dissatisfaction. Discussion and conclusion: The findings of the research provide evidence for the model of psychodynamic explanation in marital satisfaction.

this study aimed to analyze the dominant patterns of Object relations in Iranian couples. Based on a qualitative method with a thematic analysis approach. The evaluation was done on 10 participants (8 females and 2 males) considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The sampling method was purposeful and the data were collected using deep clinical interviews and evaluated using thematic analysis. Data analysis showed that 3 inclusive themes: "oneself" theme with two subcategories of self-worth (including insufficiency, competence, and sufficiency) and, the role of oneself (including undue responsibility, role confusion), “, other one”,theme with two subcategories of the position of another one (including passivity and irresponsibility of father, active mother, absent parents, supportive others) and schema of another one (including comparison, mastery increase, anxious parents, aggressive parents, abusive parents, and unstable parents), and “, relationship”,theme with two subcategories of emotional survival (including unfriendly interactive relationship, a sense of distance and neglected, sense of abandonment and loneliness) and cognitive survival (including sense of obedience, worthlessness, and controlled increase). The obtained patterns are based on psychodynamic theories and Object relations. According to the findings, the pathology of relationships between couples is based on the relationships that are associated with first caregivers in their childhood.

Objectives: The current research study aims at investigating the illness experience of people affected by Pulmonary Hypertension (PH), as a particularly challenging rare disease that is paradigmatic for the understanding of regulatory processes. Methods: The study used Giorgi’, s method to analyze the illness narratives of 11 adult Italian women affected by PH according to a qualitative phenomenological approach. An Object relations perspective looking at chronic illness as an internal Object was adopted for result interpretation. Results: Four general themes were identified that characterize illness narratives of people with PH and illustrate the progressive stages of the disease. They respectively deal with the body/mind disruption at symptom onset, the protagonization of illness in the search for a diagnosis, the complicated grief at the time of diagnosis, and the anaclitic strategies to face the future. Conclusion: Findings make a significant contribution to the exploration of the subjective experience of people with PH in managing illness-related challenges from symptom onset to after diagnosis.

Introduction: Considering the role that ego plays in decision-making and taking action, as well as based on psychoanalytic formulations of the role of Object relations and ego adaptive capacity in migration, this study aimed to investigate the role of ego strengths and Object relations in immigration decision-making. For this purpose, a comparison was made between people who have decided to stay in Iran (stayers), people who have decided to emigrate (leavers), and people who have not decided yet. Additionally, a comparison was made among leavers between individuals who had begun their migration actions and those who had not yet taken any action.Method: The sample consisted of 376 Iranian individuals residing in Iran, aged between 20 and 45 years. Data were collected using the Bell Object relations Inventory (BORI) and the Psychosocial Inventory of Ego Strengths (PIES). Additionally, two researcher-developed questions regarding migration intention and action were included in the questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS.Results: The results showed that after controlling for sociodemographic features (income, gender, and education), individuals who stayed compared to those who left had higher scores in the strengths of fidelity, love, hope, wisdom, and will, and lower scores in alienation and ego-centricity. The results also indicated that among the group intending to migrate, those who had initiated their actions to immigrate obtained higher scores in wisdom, purpose, and competency, and lower scores in alienation and social incompetency.Discussion and Conclusion: This study's findings underline the significance of psychological factors and personality in influencing migration decision-making. The results suggest that ego strengths and Object-relations play a role in the decision to emigrate. A deeper comprehension of migrant personality could assist in the creation of psychological interventions before and after migration.