Background and Aim: Increasing the productivity of the organization requires employees with motivation and commitment. The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between workplace spirituality and Organizational belonging in the staff of public hospitals of Isfahan city in 2019. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, the statistical population included 580 employees of public hospitals in Isfahan. The sample size was estimated 230 people using Kerjesi and Morgan tables and the sampling was done by cluster random sampling. To collect data, Milliman et al's workplace spirituality and Schaufeli & Bakker's Organizational Affiliation standard questionnaires were used. Data analysis was performed using correlation and regression tests in SPSS software 16 at the significance level of 0. 05. Findings: There was a significant positive correlation between workplace spirituality and employees' Organizational Affiliation (r=0. 527, p<0. 01). Among the components of spirituality in the workplace, alignment with Organizational values, sense of dependence and meaningful work were most associated with Organizational belonging, respectively (r=0. 446, r=0. 508, p<0. 01). Conclusion: The findings show that spirituality in the workplace significantly predicts the Organizational belonging of employees. Therefore, it is recommended that hospital managers enhance employees' sense of Organizational belonging and productivity by strengthening the components of spirituality in the workplace.

Objective: One of the main characteristics of emerging economies is the important role of business groups. Business group Affiliation can bring about various positive consequences for the firms related to such groups. This study aims to examine the effects of business group Affiliation on corporate sustainability reporting level. Method: The checklist developed by the Global Reporting Initiative, GRI, was used to measure the level of corporate sustainability reporting. The research hypothesis was applied to 102 firms listed in the Tehran Stock Exchange for the years 2013-2017, and then was tested, using multivariate regression based on panel data model. Result: The findings suggest that business group Affiliation is likely to improve the corporate sustainability reporting level. Moreover, the results of additional analysis reveal that the relationship between business group Affiliation and sustainability reporting level is more pronounced in larger firms. Conclusion: Affiliated companies to business groups have more incentives for sustainability reporting due to less concern for shortterm financial interests.

Background :Organizational loyalty is a crucial factor for the growth and dynamics of organizations. The present study aims to explore the reasons for Organizational loyalty among members of the medical science faculty in southern Iran. Methods :This qualitative study was conducted in 2022. Participants included academic staff members from universities of medical sciences in southern Iran, specifically in the Fars province. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed using conventional content analysis. Results :The research indicated that, despite dissatisfaction with Organizational management, many participants felt a strong sense of belonging and made efforts to maintain their loyalty. However, given the social and economic conditions in Iranian society, maintaining such loyalty and belonging requires significant support from Organizational managers. The three main categories identified in this research are Organizational spirituality, social capital, and Organizational Affiliation. Conclusions :The study concluded that, despite weaknesses in Organizational management and leadership, staff members demonstrated Organizational spirituality and loyalty to the University of Medical Sciences. This loyalty is rooted in the personal characteristics of participants and the social capital of medical universities. The study proposes emphasizing new dimensions of Organizational loyalty.

Background: Organizational Commitment (OC) is an attitude or orientation toward the organization that connects the individual's identity to the organization. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the OC level of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS) faculty members. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 177 faculty members of KUMS in western Iran. The samples were randomly selected among faculty members. The data were collected by self-reporting using a standard Balfour and Whechler questionnaire and analyzed in SPSS software version 16 using t-tests and Pearson correlations. Results: The mean score of OC was 28.12 (SD: 4.82), ranging from 9 - 45. There was no significant difference between gender and OC (P = 0.239). OC had a positive and significant correlation with age (r = 0.192 & P = 0.011). The relationship between job history and OC was positive but insignificant (r = 0.147 & P = 0.057). Conclusions: According to the OC score, emphasizing the subjects and areas of OC can effectively increase faculty members' dedication to the university.

In the last two decades genetic testing has been taken into consideration as a way of vindicating the claim of parentage; therefore, explaining its scientific and legal validity, is particularly necessary. The most recognized tests on the subject of proving lineage in proving genealogy are analytical testing of blood groups and DNA testing of course the latter has more scientific credible and certainty than others. Due to assurance that comes from testing, this question arises: Is it possible to give a verdict proving genealogy based on the aforementioned test? Because some are inclined to believe this view that it can be useful and as reliable as the reason of the presumption of marriage (Amareye farash). We are also faced with a second question that for whom will the validity and reliability of the result of this genetic test will be acceptable. The findings of the author of this article is that genetic tests, by themselves, cannot be used independently in Affiliation proceedings, because they don’t lead to certainty. And if they do, the certainty of the test is different from judge's certain as to the Affiliation. On the other hand this test can only show the blood relation not a legal and lawful relation and therefore its only use, can be in some cases like transposable of newborns.

The present research aims to measure the relationship of religious Affiliation and gender with students' test anxiety. The research method is a descriptive one of the correlative type. For this purpose, as many as 390 students (200 girls and 190 boys) from the students of Qom high schools were selected through quota sampling. The research tool included Religious Affiliation Questionnaire (M. Janbozorgi) and Test Anxiety Scale (TAS; Sarason, I978). To make an analysis of the data, Pearson correlation coefficient, regression analysis and t test independent groups were used. Religious Affiliation questionnaire includes three factors: religious Affiliation, religious ambivalence and religious non-Affiliation; The results of present research showed that there is not a meaningful relationship between factor religious Affiliation and test anxiety, but there is a meaningful relationship between factors of non-religious Affiliation and religious ambivalence with test anxiety. Also the results showed that there is not a meaningful relationship between gender and test anxiety, but there is a meaningful relationship between total religious Affiliation and test anxiety (r=-0.211). Thus religious Affiliation has some effects on decreasing students' test anxiety.