Voriconazole is an antifungal triazole, approved for management of invasive fungal diseases in patients. It is absorbed during two hours and its serum levels will be above 90%, based on the underlying factors, when the drug is administered orally. Voriconazole shows a propotional increase in an area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), with increasing dose. Plasma protein binding of voriconazole is approximately 60%. Standard doses of the drug and optimal concentration are not predictable due to voriconazole’s nonlinear pharmacokinetics, drug-drug interactions, age, and genetic polymorphisms of the cytochrome CYP2C19. Therefore, in order to prevent adverse effects and optimize outcomes, therapeutic drug monitoring is highly suggested. The application of linking pharmacokinetic and PHARMACODYNAMICs characteristics provides information about the relationships between antimicrobial in vitro susceptibility, dosage, drug concentrations and antimicrobial or toxicological effects. The current review paper presents a comprehensive overview of the relation between pharmacokinetic and PHARMACODYNAMICs parameters for voriconazole treatment efficacy.

This study was designed to assess pharmacokinetic parameters and pattern of PHARMACODYNAMIC effects (heart rate and blood pressure) of 100 mg Atenolol tablets in comparison with those of 100 mg Tenormin tablets as reference. A double blind cross over study was carried out among 12 healthy male subjects. A HPLC system using RP-C18 column and fluorescence detector was used to assess Atenolol in plasma. Heart r ate and blood p pressure was measured by the t rained clinic staff. Peak levels were observed about 2.97h for Atenolol and 3.73h for Tenormin after oral dosing. Cmax values for both formulations were about 0.49 µg/ml. AUC0-24was about 4.89 µg.h/ml for the test and 5.31 µg.h/ml for the reference group. Atenolol given orally caused a significant reduction in heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure after administration of two formulations (P<0.05). It is concluded that two formulations are not significantly different in terms of PHARMACODYNAMIC and pharmacokinetic parameters which were studied.