Deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have attained remarkable success in numerous visual recognition tasks. There are two challenges when adopting CNNs in real-world applications: a) Existing CNNs are computationally expensive and memory intensive, impeding their use in edge computing; b) there is no standard methodology for designing the CNN architecture for the intended problem. Network pruning/compression has emerged as a research direction to address the first challenge, and it has proven to moderate CNN computational load successfully. For the second challenge, various evolutionary algorithms have been proposed thus far. The algorithm proposed in this paper can be viewed as a solution to both challenges. Instead of using constant predefined criteria to evaluate the filters of CNN layers, the proposed algorithm establishes evaluation criteria in online manner during network training based on the combination of each filter’s profit in its layer and the next layer. In addition, the novel method suggested that it inserts new filters into the CNN layers. The proposed algorithm is not simply a pruning strategy but determines the optimal number of filters. Training on multiple CNN architectures allows us to demonstrate the efficacy of our approach empirically. Compared to current pruning algorithms, our algorithm yields a network with a remarkable prune ratio and accuracy. Despite the relatively high computational cost of an epoch in the proposed algorithm in pruning, altogether it achieves the resultant network faster than other algorithms.

Knowledge representation in the form of a concept map can be a good idea to categorize domain terms and their relations and help to generate ontology,Supplementing detail information to and pruning useless data from the concept map,which likes a skeleton in evolving ontology,can be semantically accomplished using the domain knowledge,In this paper,we propose a method using structural knowledge resources as well as tacit knowledge of experts to generate the ontology of eLearning domain,The concept map of eLearning is manually improved and finally verified using the group of eLearning experts,In order to enrich the ontology with merging into upcoming terms,the paper proposed an automatic method based on two external knowledge sources,Wikipedia and WordNet,The semantic similarity of concepts which is measured using the words hierarchy of WordNet combined with relations of concepts extracted from the Wikipedia graph is applied to link the new eLearning concepts to the domain ontology,The generated ontology is a dynamic knowledge source which can improve itself gradually,This integrated knowledge of eLearning domain can be used to model educational activities and to build,organize,and update specific learning resources,

Background: Accurate semantic segmentation of kidney tumors in computed tomography (CT) images is difficult because tumors feature varied forms and occasionally, look alike. The KiTs19 challenge sets the groundwork for future advances in kidney tumor segmentation. Methods: We present weight pruning (WP)-UNet, a deep network model that is lightweight with a small scale,it involves few parameters with a quick assumption time and a low floating-point computational complexity. Results: We trained and evaluated the model with CT images from 210 patients. The findings implied the dominance of our method on the training Dice score (0. 98) for the kidney tumor region. The proposed model only uses 1, 297, 441 parameters and 7. 2e floating-point operations, three times lower than those for other network models. Conclusions: The results confirm that the proposed architecture is smaller than that of UNet, involves less computational complexity, and yields good accuracy, indicating its potential applicability in kidney tumor imaging.

The effect of Apple pruning wood particles in mixed with industrial wood particles for particleboard manufacturing was studied. One layer laboratory panels with density of 0.6 gr/cm3 with two variables amount of Apple pruning wood particles content (0/100, 15/85, 30/70, 45/55 percent weight of Apple pruning particles/wood particles) and a press time of 5 and 7 min were produced. The physical and mechanical properties of panels were measured. The results showed that the amount of Apple pruning wood particle had significant influence on the most physical and mechanical properties of panels such as MOR, MOE, IB, TS and WA while they were improved as the Apple pruning wood particles increased. The results also indicated that press time had significant influence on the IB and TS of panels and they were increased as the press time increased.

Introduction: The novel Pruning written by Nasim Marashi is the story of the war-torn women of southern Iran who-unwillingly and despite the cultural context of the society-try to escape from the male colonialism of the war and gain their independence and natural revival. The main subject of this article is the feminist-postcolonial reading, analytically and descriptively of the novel Pruning to show the main statements of this point of view in the said novel. Methodology: Feminism based on post-colonial ideas considers woman as a cultural construct. Post-colonial feminists consider this to be a product of women's unconsciousness and their moving away from their natural position, under the hegemony of male authoritarian discourse, and they have always sought to find a suitable place for women and invite them to self-confidence and revive their identity and personality beliefs. What masculinity and femininity are depicted in "Haras" novel shows the subjectivity and power of men and the loss and decay of female gender identity as "other" in male authority. In this article, these two characteristics of the gender ideology represented in Hares' story have been analyzed and explained by separating the components of post-colonial feminism. Results and Discussion: The novel "Pruning" succeeds in representing the gender ideology in a certain geography of the world with its own culture and customs and gender stereotypes. The theme of war and its violent consequences also plays a leading role in highlighting the views and cultural signs that shape the identity-gender structure of women and men. Brind has clearly reflected the two colonial issues, patriarchal culture and war-which in the world of nature, is considered a masculine thing by nature-the division of the male and female world and male subjectivity and female otherness in the novel. The gender identity of the women in the story (Nawal, her mother-in-law, the women of Dar al-Talah, etc. ) is formed by internalizing the belief that a woman is an inferior other, and women, like men, define masculinity with traits such as stoutness, strength, and greater physical abilities (especially the power to fight) is preferable to their gender identity, which is a cultural and social construction. Conclusion: In this colonial and gendered view, being a woman is dignified by being accepted and accepted by men,Therefore, women use all their efforts to get closer to that "self" defined for them by the components of patriarchal culture and power (such as giving birth to a boy instead of a girl). In this novel, the statements of post-colonial feminism, such as returning to oneself, believing oneself as an original and natural existence (not a weakly held other), trying to redefine the original gender role and identity, coming out of the shadows and margins, recovering one's agency with a positive effect On the environment, nature and others after the unwanted separation of women from men and the patriarchal society, it makes its way into the lives of women and typically Nawal

Introduction Now cities are not comparable to the past for many problems such as air and sound pollution of factories and vehicles. Some natural systems such as parks help to keep the stability of cities and improve the life quality of urbanites. Privet with the scientific name of Ligustrum Ovalifolium is the evergreen plant, and widely cultivated at all of the parks in Iran. Privet stems are pruned by manual or gasoline-powered hedge trimmer. The knowing of the cutting properties of privet stalk have important role in the design and fabricate of privet pruning machine. A series of laboratory test was conducted to measure the shear force, shear consumption energy and shear strength of stem internodes of privet stalk under quasi-static and impact cutting at different loading rate, different internode position and moisture level 58% wet base. In the quasi-static cutting test, the stalk specimens were cut in the quasi-static process by using a computer aided cutting test apparatus at four loading rates: 5, 10, 15 and 20mm/min and three internode positions: fifth, tenth and fifteenth downward from the terminal bud. In impact test, the stalk specimens were served in impact process by using a cutting test apparatus was designed, fabricated, and calibrated at four loading rates: 1, 2, 3 and 4m/s and three internodes: fifth, tenth and fifteenth. Materials and Methods The study was performed to investigate the effect of quasi-static and impact shear on shear force, shear consumption energy and shear strength. The measured initial moisture content of the samples was 58% on wet base. The privet stalk diameter decreases towards to the top of the plant stalks. Thus, the stalks equally was divided into three regions downward from the terminal bud: (a) fifth internode, (b) tenth internode and (c) fifteenth internode. The quasi-static tests were conducted using the universal testing machine (SMT-5, SANTAM Co, Iran). The shear tests were carried out at four rates of speeds 5, 10, 15 and 20 mm/min. To determine the shear force of privet stalk, an impact cutting tester was designed, fabricated and calibrated. It was similar to an Izod impact cutting tester for metals. A cutting blade with sharpened angel of 23 degree and oblique angle of 60 degree was attached to end of pendulum's arm. The shear tests were carried out at four rates of blade speeds 1, 2, 3 and 4 m/s. A data acquisition system was attached to pendulum arm and it includes 4 strain gages and a digital indicator to show the real-time shear force. Four strain gages were contacted to each other by Wheatstone bridge circuit and were mounted on two sides of pendulum. After calibration, the impact shear force was applied to the privet samples by releasing the pendulum arm in the testing machine up to the sample failure. The real-time applied force and cutting time were measured by data acquisition system and chronometer. Results and Discussion In quasi-static cutting of the stalk specimens, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that the loading rate and interaction of loading rate internode position have significant effect on the shear consumption energy and shear strength in probability level of 5% and 1% respectively. However, the effect of internode position on shear force, shear strength and shear consumption energy was significant in 1% probability levels. In impact cutting of the stalk specimens, the analysis of variance showed that, the effect of the loading rate and their interaction of loading rate internode position on the mentioned parameters were significant (P<0. 01) but the effect of internode position on shear force and shear consumption energy was significant in 1% probability levels. The average values of shear force, shear strength and shear consumption energy were deeply decreased with increase in loading rate level from 1 to 4 m/s and internode position from fifteenth internode to fifth internode. Conclusion In quasi-static cutting, the increment proportion of energy consumption at blade velocity of 20mm/min to 5mm/min is about 2. 2 at fifth internode, 2. 6 at tenth internode and 2. 9 at fifteenth internode respectively. Also in quasi-static cutting process, the increment proportion of shear strength at blade velocity of 20 mm/min to 5mm/min is about 1. 5 at fifth internode, 1. 4 at tenth internode and 1. 2 at fifteenth internode respectively. In impact cutting, the reduction proportion of energy consumption at blade velocity of 1m/s to 4m/s is about 1. 44 at fifth internode, 1. 6 at tenth internode and 3 at fifteenth internode respectively. Also in impact cutting process, the reduction proportion of shear strength at blade velocity of 1m/s to 4m/s is about 5. 2 at fifth internode, 29. 4 at tenth internode and 53. 8 at fifteenth internode respectively.

Introduction  Yaghooti grape is the earliest grape variety in Iran and is the most important horticultural product in the Sistan region, which is cultivated in more than 90% of the vineyards of this region. Considering the massive project of transferring water through pipes for 46 thousand farmer's fields as a recent approach in agricultural programs of the sistan region and also the necessity of changing the cultivation pattern, the suitable contribution of the new cultivation pattern is allocated for grape. A grapevine canopy is defined as the shoots and leaves system. Bearing and green pruning are defined as factors allows the grape farmers to enhance and maximize their production and quality. Materials and Methods  In order to evaluate the effects of balance pruning and green pruning on some traits and fruit yield of Yaghooti grape, the present research was conducted in the Zahak agricultural research station during 2017-2021.This research was conducted as a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design for three years. Four levels of bearing pruning intensity including: control or local custom (B1), 10 + 60 (B2), 10 + 40 (B3), and 10 + 20 (B4) considered as the first factor and four levels of intensity green pruning including; control or conventional local method (G1), pruning of cans from above eight leaves on the last cluster (G2), pruning of unproductive branches + pruning of cans from above eight leaves on the last cluster (G3), 4-pruning of branches without fruit from the bottom + pruning of unproductive branches + pruning the cans from the top of the eight leaves on the last cluster (G4) considered as the second factor in three replications. The study was conducted on 12-year-old vines of the Yaghooti cultivar, which were trained using the traditional system and spaced 3 meters apart in both directions. The data collected during cluster formation included morphological traits such as cluster length, cluster width, main and sub axes length of the cluster, berry diameter, cluster axes weight, berry weight, cluster weight, berry number in the cluster, and cluster/vine to fruit yield. The analysis of variance for each variable was performed using the PROC GLM procedure in SAS 9.4. Furthermore, the relationships between the evaluated morphological traits were determined using multiple linear regression. Results and Discussion  The results showed that bearing pruning had a significant effect on all traits except berry diameter. Green pruning had a significant effect on cluster length, total length of main and sub axes, cluster axis weight, berry weight, cluster weight, number of berries per cluster and yield. The balance pruning (20+10) caused to increase the cluster length, cluster width, berry diameter, cluster axis weight, total length of main and sub axes and berry weight by 32.5, 30.6, 8.97, 32.8, 34.4 and 15.3% compared to the control, respectively while but led to 33.8% reduction in cluster/vine compared to the control. The results of the study showed that pruning of G4 had a significant positive effect on the length and width of clusters, weight of cluster axes, total length of main and sub-axes, and berry weight, increasing them by 11%, 19.5%, 15.8%, 14.6%, and 11.9% respectively, compared to the control. The interaction between balance and green pruning had a significant effect on cluster weight, berry number in cluster, and yield. The B4G4 treatment resulted in a 137.4%, 82.3%, and 14.2% increase in cluster weight, berry number in cluster, and yield compared to the B1G1 treatment. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that cluster length, berry weight, cluster weight, and cluster/vine were the most important traits that influenced fruit yield in the Yaghooti grape. In general, the results showed that the interaction of balance and green pruning (B4G4) increases yield by 17.2% compared the control (B1G1). Conclusion  The shape and structure of the grape vine is very effective on the growth and development of the product. This determines the amount of photosynthesis and carbohydrates production. If the structure of the grape vine is changed in such a way that a greater portion of carbohydrates production belongs to the fruit, the grape production will significantly affected in terms of quality and quantity. Due to the fact that grapes are grown by creeping method in the Sistan region, fruit and green pruning (local custom) led to a high density in the plant crown which reduces light penetration as well as the ratio of producer to the consumer leaves. This method may negatively impact the quality and marketability of grape clusters by reducing the number and weight of the clusters and berries, as well as the length and width of the clusters. However, in this study, we increased the intensity of fruiting and green pruning, which resulted in a reduced crown density and less shading. Our utilized method directed the major portion of photosynthesis to the fruit, which led to quantitative and qualitative fruit yield increment.

This study was done to show the effect of light intensity (100%, 75% and 50% of whole sunlight) and root pruning (15, 30 and 45 cm of whole root lenght) on oak (Q. castaneifolia) seedling growth. The study was done as split-plot design and factorial experiment woth 3 replicates in Caspian Forests, north of Iran. The results of 2nd year after plantation showed the significance of sunlight on height growth. Maximum height growth happened under 50% and 75% light intensities. On the other hand, root pruning did not have any effect on height growth but had no collar diameter growth where as the minimum was occured over the roots pruned of 30 and 45 cm. There was no any interaction between light density and root pruning on height growth as well as collar diameter growth. Overall, the rootpruning more than 30 from seedling collar and light level less than whole sunlight were the best treatment for obtaining the thicker and longer oak seedlings.