In this paper, we propose a Built-in Intermediate memory Structure (BIMS) to improve the efficiency of main memory architectures based on Phase change memory (PCM). It exploits the capability of the PCM device which can be used as both multilevel cell (MLC) and single-level cell (SLC) during the processor operation. The proposed structure invokes physical pages with MLC devices for a normal data storage. By utilizing an internal page management mechanism, however, it turns memory cells of some unused physical pages into the SLC mode. BIMS exploits such pages to provide an intermediate layer for the memory read and write requests with better access time and lower energy consumption. This intermediate layer diminishes most of the accesses to the pages with the MLC devices by absorbing most of the incoming memory requests.

There are two approaches for simulating memory as well as learning in artificial intelligence; the functionalistic approach and the cognitive approach. The necessary condition to put the second approach into account is to provide a model of brain activity that contains a quite good congruence with observational facts such as mistakes and forgotten experiences. Given that human memory has a solid core that includes the components of our identity, our family and our hometown, the major and determinative events of our lives, and the countless repeated and accepted facts of our culture, the more we go to the peripheral spots the data becomes flimsier and more easily exposed to oblivion. It was essential to propose a model in which the topographical differences are quite distinguishable. In our proposed model, we have translated this topographical situation into quantities, which are attributed to the nodes. The result is an edge-weighted graph with mass-based values on the nodes which demonstrates the importance of each atomic proposition, as a truth, for an intelligent being. Furthermore, it dynamically develops and modifies, and in successive Phases, it changes the mass of the nodes and weight of the edges depending on gathered inputs from the environment.

Recently, non-mechanical micropumps have become more appealing, due to their advantages in many areas such as electronics and medicine. In this research, a Phase change micropump, as a novel type of nonmechanical micropump, has been investigated. Dimensionless parameters have been determined using dimensional analysis and a one dimensional steady model has been developed to describe the pumping mechanism and assess the working characteristics of the micropump. The results show that the theoretical model is in reasonable agreement with the experimental investigations. This analytical approach can be used in the design and fabrication of more efficient micropumps.

The problems of heat and mass transfer in Phase change materials are of great engineering interest. The absorption and storage of energy in the form of latent heat makes it possible to use them in the construction industry to smooth out the effects of temperature transitions in the environment. This work is devoted to the study of heat transfer in a building block with paraffin inserts under unsteady external conditions. The influence of the geometric dimensions of the block and the volume fraction of the Phase change material on the effect of restraining external temperature fluctuations was studied. The unsteady conjugate melting problem was solved in a closed rectangular region with two cavities filled with PCM. The temperature of the environment on the left boundary changes in harmonic law. Thermal distributions were obtained at various points in time.

In this article, using memory-dependent derivative (MDD) on three-Phase-lag model of thermoelasticity, a new generalized model of thermoelasticity theory with time delay and kernel function is constructed. The governing coupled equations of the new generalized thermoelasticity with time delay and kernel function are applied to two-dimensional problem of an isotropic plate. The two-dimensional equations of generalized thermoelasticity with MDD are solved using state space approach. Numerical inversion method is employed for the inversion of Laplace and Fourier transforms. The displacements, temperature and stress components for different thermoelastic models are presented graphically and the effect of different kernel and time delay on the considered parameters are observed.

Having a reliable, low-cost, and always available energy production system has announced the energy storage systems as an important candidate. There are different methods to store renewable energies, which the storage of latent heat energy is more important one because of its ability to generate high energy storage density at constant temperature (Phase change Phase). Organic or inorganic compounds that are capable of absorbing and storing large amounts of heat energy are called Phase-change materials. Due to the high efficiency and high capicity of Phase-change materials in energy storage systems, the use of these materials in recent years has attracted many developed countries. The purpose of this paper is to review the various types of Phase-change materials, the application systems and the other researches on these materia ls.

The one Phase Stefan problem is discussed using the Goodman HBI method and an explicit numerical method including modified boundary immobilization scheme. The main advantage of the HBI method lie in the remarkable association of simplicity, flexibility and acceptable accuracy which an error less than 2.5% in predicting the moving front location for Stefan number less than unity which covers most usual isothermal Phase change material. An accurate explicit numerical model to track the moving front in Stefan-like problems is provided. The scheme is obtained using the variable space step method based on variable domain. The method is developed using central difference approximations to replace spatial and temporal derivatives. Furthermore, iterative procedure, in numerical calculation, is avoided by introducing simple assumptions. The numerical results show that the accuracy of the method has been considerably improved without additional computational cost.

Introduction: In spite of its short time period compared with the earth long evolution history, quaternary has had a significant effect on the final formation of the landforms and vital resources. It is the final analysis of these levels and fully dependent on the earth genetic diseases and, above all, significant climate changes that have happened during this period. Gavkhouni basin morphological perspectives demonstrate several climate changes in quaternary. The effects of these changes are a completely known phenomenon on the lake. Indeed, the lake can be viewed as an archive within which quaternary climate changes evidence has been maintained....