Although investment in research and development (R&D) is a promising tool for technology centered organizations through achieving their objectives, resource constraints make organizations select between their pool of R&D PROJECTS.Evaluating and selecting research PROJECTS are decision makers' continual challenge referring to the importance of research PROJECTS alignment with organization strategic objectives. Although financial return is a common criterion applied in many cases of project evaluation, technologic and strategic alignment and project’s probability of success are critical criteria.Project PORTFOLIO management is a tool to identify and select PROJECTS and to determine to what extent they should be invested and which PROJECTS should be stopped in a certain period of time.In this study, the authors developed ae Data Envelopment Analysis-Balanced Scoreboard (DEA-BSC) model to support the R&D project PORTFOLIO evaluation and selection. The study describes the application of the developed project PORTFOLIO selection method to research and development (R&D) PROJECTS of the National Iranian Gas Company (NIGC). The R&D project PORTFOLIO selection results were evaluated and validate by an expert panel of gas industry.

Intellectual property-related issues play an important role in the field of research and innovation. Especially in the case of research and PROJECTS carried out with the participation of research institutes, universities, and other various parties from government and industry, it is necessary to have some special measures and methods for identifying, managing, and assigning the ownership of results and created innovations; In such a way that interests of all parties be served and also the highest efficiency be achieved. This study attempted to investigate intellectual property issues related to publicly funded cooperative research and development PROJECTS. For this purpose, a comparative study has been conducted between two cases of ongoing worldwide programs; the EU’ s Horizon 2020 program and the Australian Cooperative Research Centers program. These two programs have been selected for this study due to their long history and continuous improvement in the settings related to intellectual property and assets. All documents in these programs which are related to intellectual property have been reviewed. Based on the comparative study, the main phases, steps, and issues related to intellectual property and assets in such PROJECTS have been extracted, which include three phases: before the start, implementation, and end of the partnership. These phases consist of five, three, and three steps, respectively, in which the main and important issues related to intellectual property and assets are identified. These identified issues at each step can be a practical guide for managing intellectual property in collaborative R&D PROJECTS funded by public resources and budgets; In this way, all aspects related to intellectual property as well as the interests and goals of all parties are considered and adequately secured.

With the increasing speed of technological changes, organizations are looking for a solution to respond to these changes. R&D units play in this direction. This study has been conducted with the aim of studying the optimization strategy of the PORTFOLIO of research PROJECTS based on the chain of actions necessary to achieve open R&D in SMEs. Soda technique has been used to study the chain of the most important measures. After calculating the weight of measures using fuzzy AHP and the weight of PROJECTS using SAW method, the mathematical model presented with the aim of optimizing the PORTFOLIO of research PROJECTS based on zero/one goal programming was studied in Saveh Chocolate Company. The size of the statistical sample was 15 people who were selected by judgment and snowball. In the first stage, the most important necessary measures were identified, includng: creating information systems, availability of suppliers, meeting the needs of customers and environmental pollution. In the second stage, the PORTFOLIO of research PROJECTS, including 5 PROJECTS, was examined and the results were approved according to the opinion of the experts. Accordingly, information systems accelerate access to customers and suppliers. In addition, the use of renewable raw materials and participation in environmentally friendly production programs through partnerships with universities and research institutions can reduce the harmful effects on the environment.

Under modern conditions, many organizations and innovative companies not only rely on their internal resources and developing their innovative abilities to achieve their external knowledge. The research organizations of armed forces, that they are the responsible for defense R & D PROJECTS, are not exception. The main objective of this research is to answer the questions that what is the framework for decision about outsourcing defense R & D PROJECTS? Data were collected with using interviews and questionnaires and the reliability of the questionnaire using Cronbach's alpha and it was calculated 0.846. In this study, we used one-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for normality sensing data and nonparametric test (binomial) to approve or reject the factors influencing the decision-making criteria. The findings indicate that the framework for decision about outsourcing defense R & D PROJECTS consists of two main stages: the first stage is "determine whether the outsourcing plan" and the second stage is " outsourcing and prioritize the steps and activities of contractors".

In this article, the results of the investigation of the key factors affecting the PORTFOLIO management of research and development PROJECTS based on information technology in the field of health and treatment are presented using the Delphi method. For this purpose, an explanation will be given first about the management of research and development project PORTFOLIO, and then the research problem will be defined by providing evidence from all the studies conducted in Iran and the world. The review of previous researches and studies in the field of key factors on the management of the PORTFOLIO of research and development PROJECTS on information technology in the field of health and treatment and their summary forms the next part of the article. In the following, the research method, especially the Delphi method, is explained, and at the end, the findings of this research are described and analyzed. To carry out this research, firstly, with library, studies and literature review of the research topic and the opinion of experts in the field of study, key factors and indicators were extracted on "management of the PORTFOLIO of research and development PROJECTS based on information technology in the field of health and treatment" and 67 indicators for research were identified. In this research, a 7-point Likert scale was used to obtain experts' opinions. Based on the findings of this research, the data of experts in this field were analyzed. These factors were categorized into three categories: main, contextual, and environmental factors, and at the end of the third round of Delphi, less important indicators were removed. At the end, limitations and suggestions are presented.

In this article, a model has been provided in order to help to develop the selection and evaluation process of research and development PROJECTS in multi-PROJECTS organizations. This research is multi-criteria method for evaluation of R& D PROJECTS based on the integration of two different management methodologies. Concepts of balanced scorecard (BSC) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) which each is a useful tool in measurements and analysis of organization work, has been taken and combined in DEA-BSC model.This approach is based on data envelopment analysis, development of weight restriction, balanced scorecard and is following to secure three regular organization goals which are effectiveness, efficiency, and balance (in use of inputs and outputs).In this article, two techniques of BSC in work index design part, and DAE technique in evaluation of decision making units part according to design indexes has been studies.At the end, DEA-BSC technique for evaluation of 25 PROJECTS in automobile part making industry has been used.

Benchmarking is a tool for monitoring of performance and search for the best practice through learning from others. This paper introduces a new model, namely Virtual Benchmarking Model (VBM), for benchmarking the R&D PROJECTS. This model uses the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) technique and identifies output's indicators based on R&D steps and addresses the problem of outputs inhomogeneous.The proposed model was examined empirically with input-output indicators captured from 30 electronics R&D PROJECTS of IROST. Results indicate that for identifying the best practices, efficiency and effectiveness criteria should be used jointly. Based on the VBM model, 17 % of R&D PROJECTS were distinguished as benchmark for other PROJECTS. The main characteristics of these PROJECTS were: 1) effective human resources planning and; 2) marketing for result of R&D PROJECTS. The use of virtual benchmarking process can lead to enhance the performance of R&D PROJECTS.

Technological learning and the drive to self-sufficiency in different industries emphasize the role of companies in the knowledge acquisition from external sources. Iran's petroleum industry is also a suitable case to study in this area, given the large firms on the one hand and the long-term historical partnerships with foreign companies on the other. Some of the industry's achievements, such as sustainability under sanctions, the country's largest source of export and some recent breakthroughs, particularly in the registration of international patents and localization of various technologies, show the success of learning efforts. This study, which examines the learning processes to joint R&D (JRD) PROJECTS in the petroleum industry, analyzes the path of technological learning in this industry using a mixed method approach and multi case study method. For this purpose, four successful JRD PROJECTS in technological learning in upstream and downstream are selected and 16 interviews are conducted with project managers and experts of selected PROJECTS and using the JRD's life cycle to present a technological learning model in JRDs. The results of theme analysis of interviews show that the most important and effective component of the model is "effective factors". The most affected component is "types of learning". Also, the most effective factors and the most effective learning mechanism are "absorption capability", "cultural homogeneity" and "learning by interacting" Respectively.