One of the modern issues in SAR processing is the use of the OFDM waveform instead of the conventional LFM signal. OFDM is a digital modulation scheme in which some orthogonal sub carriers are used simultaneously dividing the available bandwidth into several narrowband and parallel sub channels. The advantages of using OFDM waveform for synthetic Aperture radar (SAR) imaging include enhanced resistance against jamming, lower Doppler ambiguity and the possibility of extracting phase background of the target on the basis of phase estimation of the OFDM sub carriers. In this paper, the basic relations of OFDM waveform generation was reviewed firstly, and then the form of imaging in the range and azimuth by using this signal in the form of RDA algorithm was described.

Today more information resources are published in electronic and digital formats and they are available on the web. The production, distribution and storage of information are easily possible on the Web but theie retrieval is a challenge to the user. Researchers in various fields, including library and Web designer's communities, are thinking about the solutions to solve these problems. Developing the Resource Description and Access (RDA) by the Joint Steering Committee as a successor of the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition, base on conceptual models and International cataloging rules developed by the IFLA and the emergence of the Semantic Web and its models, including Resource Description Framework (RDF) by The World Wide Web Consortium are examples of solutions to provide efficient description of information resources and present the conceptual relationship between them on the web environment.This study attempts to make librarians and catalogers familiar with RDA, Semantic web and RDF, one of the standards of semantic web. It also attempts to adapt entities and vocabularies of RDA in RDF that was based on cooperation between the Joint Steering Committee and the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative. In the end the eXtensible Catalog which has been designed based on RDA, FRBR and RDF is introduced.Also, the basic attention to the underlying structure and models of RDA and similarities that this standard has with RDF in information storage and retrieva for increasing functionality of information retrieval systems have been analyzed.

Children with chronic kidney diseases have an increased risk of progression to end-stage renal disease, which would ultimately result in lifelong disability and shortening of lifespan. There is no effective intervention such as renal replacement therapy because of high cost and donor shortage. This study aimed to examine the effect of recommended dietary allowance (RDA) protein on chronic kidney diseases (CKD) children without dialysis to halt the progression of CKD by preventing the deterioration of the renal function. In this observational study, 30 children aged 2-18 years at different CKD stages without dialysis were selected as the research sample. Anthropometric measurements (namely weight and height) and laboratory assessments (namely S. creatinine. blood urea, total serum albumin, hemoglobin, serum ferritin, and CCr) were considered at the beginning of the study. Following the intervention using the RDA protein during three-and six-month periods, anthropometric and laboratory assessments were compared using the preliminary data. Weight, weight for age Z score, and body mass index (BMI) significantly increased (P < 0. 05) after three and six months, compared to the preliminary data. Moreover, laboratory assessments such as Hb, S. creatinine, blood urea, and creatinine clearance rate significantly improved (P < 0. 05) after three and six months of RDA protein intake without dialysis. The growth and renal function improved following the intervention with recommended dietary allowance protein in CKD children without dialysis.

Modern library catalogs are not just a simple listing of information sources to show the location of library resources, rather, catalogs are expected to facilitate research for library users. Accordingly, current library catalogs formed based on AACR2 are unable to respond to the users' needs for accessing digital full text resources in the new environments. In order to overcome mismatch problems of AACR with digital and networked environments, the Joint Steering Committee (JSC) decided to develop and publish a new standard named "Resource Description and Access (RDA). This standard is in coordination with AACR and formed two IFLA conceptual models named "Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR)" and "Functional Requirements for Authority Data (FRAD)". According to decisions of the international community of information organizations for changing cataloging rules, it is necessary to prepare the essential basis for replacing AACR with RDA.

This paper aims to discuss and study the functionality of the Resource Description and Access (RDA) standard for describing and organizing archival material with an analytical approach, taking into account the current developments in the field of modern information technologies. The first part of the paper deals with the approaches in describing and organizing knowledge and information resources including: object-oriented approach, knowledge oriented approach, description by object versus affiliation, and changes in the levels of description (the parts of each document as a content object) according to information contexts. The second part briefly introduces the Resource Description and Access (RDA) standard, the features of archival materials related to the process of description and organization, the position of archival material in the studied standard, the archival standards used as the base for developing RDA, the proper core elements for describing archival material and RDA's capabilities and weak points in meeting the requirements of archival context. Finally, the future of the Resource Description and Access (RDA) standard in describing archival materials and converging standards is studied.

Purpose: This study aims to identify and study the core elements and basic level description of bibliographic records of Iranian digital libraries based on the core elements defined in Resource description and access (RDA).Methodology: This applied research was carried out by a survey- descriptive method. Research population involved examining two groups of Iranian digital library web-sites. A checklist was used for data gathering.Findings/Results: Survey descriptive elements used in the bibliographic records of two groups of Iranian digital libraries were identified and compared with each other. Also their compliance with the core elements of work, expression, manifestation and item were studied. The paper introduces the core elements which necessarily have to be present in digital library’s bibliographic records. The attributes for each of the entities of RDA should be based on users’ needs defined in Conceptual models of RDA. The functions of core elements that are subset of RDA elements are also based on users’ needs. The understanding these elements are easily carried by the user and also theirs processing by computer will be easily done. Thus, digital libraries can offer their basic level description according to these elements to provide more meaningful displays of bibliographic records and help users to find their needs easily.

One of the main concerns of processing algorithms used in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) with a ballistic motion is the compensation of all phase errors in the data received from the target to achieve a clear picture of the target. In this article, by using Range Doppler Algorithm and Phase-Gradient Auto focus algorithm, imagery in one SAR with a ballistic motion is considered according to the geometry of SAR with a ballistic motion. This process is a combination of Range-Doppler processing algorithm and phase-gradient auto focus algorithm. The significant characteristic of this method is that it does not need to collect information from navigation systems for motion compensation and any kind of phase error decreasing. Furthermore, this algorithm can estimate speed and acceleration of SAR motion, and, thus, the phase error existing in received data will be tending to zero. The innovation made in this article is to improve phasegradient auto focus Algorithm in choosing the prominent scatterrer stage by the correlation operator. Recent characteristic provides the possibility of imagery from a wide scene from the target.