In this paper a new quantity for REAL tensors, the sign-REAL spectral radius, is defi ned and investigated. Various characterizations, bounds and some properties are derived. In certain aspects our quantity shows similar behavior to the spectral radius of a nonnegative tensor. In fact, we generalize the Perron Frobenius theorem for nonnegative tensors to the class of REAL tensors.

We analyzed transaction logs containing 51,473 queries posed by 18,113 users of Excite, a major Internet search service. We provide date on: (i) sessions-changes in queries during a session, number of pages viewed, and use of relevance feedback; (ii) queries-the number of search terms, and the use of logic and modifiers; and (iii) termstheir rank/frequency distribution and the most highly used search terms. We then shift the focus of analysis from the query to the user to gain insight to the characteristics of the web user. With these characteristics as a basis, we then conducted a failure analysis, identifying trends among user mistakes. We conclude with a summary of findings and a discussion of the implication of these findings.

Newcastle disease is one of the most serious viral diseases in the poultry worldwide. Since the traditional strategies have been not control it well, the aim of this study was to introduce new methods for early and rapid diagnosis of Newcastle.In this study, to detect the virus, a REAL-time PCR method was optimized, Viral RNA was extracted from strain B1 using the kit RNease mini (Qiagen, USA), according to the manufacturer's instructions. This sample had 68.23×109 copy numbers of viral RNA per each microliter. Then, a serial dilution as 100-fold was prepare from the initial sample. Then, these dilutions were simultaneously applied in reverse transcription and REALtime PCR using commercial kits (Genekam Biotechnology, Germany) according to the manufacture’s instruction. The sensitivity of REAL-time PCR reaction was determined based on serial dilutions of 1×10-34 copy number per micro liter. Since, speed and accuracy in diagnosis of contagious of Newcastle disease virus plays an important role to control the disease, so adopting this method is recommended as a diagnostic test with high sensitivity.

One of the challenges in interpreting the results obtained in qPCR is to make sure the amplicons are specific and that the melting curve analysis is used to examine it. Additional peaks in the melting curve is not always indicative of a problem, for this purpose, in this paper, a webbased tool called uMelt SM is suggested to researchers as a practical and simple way for the correct analysis of the melting curve which provides the possibility of predicting the DNA melting curve and denaturation profiles of the high-fluorescence resolution of PCR products. The results of this study showed that the melting curves were generated based on parameters were generated and an appropriate algorithm for working with this software was presented. Finally, actin and superoxide dismutase genes from Pyricularia oryzae were presented as a suitable model for determining the predicted curve using this software and REAL-Time PCR curve was also drawn. Results of the uMelt SM predicted melting curves showed a high degree of compliance with the REAL-time PCR melting curves, which confirms the advantages of ease of use, saving time, cost, and effort in the experimentalist part when using uMelt SM software.

The purpose of this paper is to introduce and study hyperframes. Where a frame is a generlization of a basis of a vector space, a hyperframe will act as a generalization of a basis in hypervector space. The present research will only considerl hypervector spaces over the REALs, viewed as a Krasner hyperfield. In particular, similarity, equivalency, and dual hyperframes are discussed.