Performance of territorial reformations rule in 1341, despite abundant defects, at the first step, caused the traditional territorial system and lord-serf relation to be resolved. In this process, compulsory land division and as a result of it, the lost of the political, social and economic powers of the land owner and leader of the tribe led to the riot of some traditional owners in some southern regions, including Boyer Ahmad province where the ancient tribal relations were still prevailed. The present paper, through utilizing library-documentary method and adopting descriptive-analytic approach, intends to examine the revolt of two persons of these traditional owners who were called Abdollah Zarghampour and Naser Taheri and to prove the nature of this riot. The findings of the research suggest that, from the very beginning, the nature of the riot was khans’ opposition against territorial reformations, and however, at final stages of the revolt, particular groups of people with religious beliefs participated in this uproar, but this event didn’ t change its nature.

The writer of the present article is investigating Reza Khan’s economic activities, holding that while these activities were seemingly economic, they were in effect some political measures for the interests of the colonialist government of Britain. It would be possible to prove this claim and reject those optimistic views on Reza Khan’s proceedings through presenting some reasons, such as considering the political and social conditions of the country, considering the motivations and interests of the British government, and considering her first step – i.e. expansion of military and disciplinary centers. The writer tries to show that Reza Khan’s economic activities resulted in the country’s dependence in economy and centralization of economic sections in government, and prepared the ground for subordination of political and economic sections.

Reformation in Iran began with enterprises of Prince Abbas Mirza after the failure of Iran in Iran and Russia wars and this reformation became infrastructure of the next reformations. Reformers like Amirkabir and the others continued it such as establishment of Darolfonoon caused a modern type existed in Iran. This educated type that thereafter is become famous to intellectual, played an important role in changes of Iran and led to establishment of an official modern system like the methods of western societies. For some of such person can point to Mirzamalkem Khan and Sanioddoleh. This article tries to analyze the manner of the process of the new official system in context of reformation of Naseri age.

The modern army as one of the most essential institutions of the modern government was first formed in Europe, and played an important role in the domination and imperialism of European powers. The attacks by the colonizing states of Russia and England on Iran, and in particular Iran’ s heavy defeats from Russia, made governors and elites of Qajar realize the traditional and insufficient structure of Qajar's army. Accordingly, the idea of military reformations and the formation of a modern army incited governors to try various actions and attempt at reformations in the first half of this dynasty, namely from its beginning to constitutionalism. However, these attempts were faced with many impediments and, finally, that significant goal was not achieved. The present study aimed to provide some response to the question of which obstacles impeded the formation of the modern army in this historical period? Our response to this question is multi-dimensional and comprises numerous agency-structure factors which were addressed using Anthony Giddens's structuration theory, based on which, both structures and agents contribute to the formation of phenomena and none of them outweighs the other. The findings of the study show that despite the attempts by reformist governors, the opposition of domestic agents and the obstruction on the part of foreign agents on the one hand, and the weakness and inefficiency of the military and economic structures on the other hand were the most pivotal impediments that failed the military reformations and establishment of a modern army in the first half of Qajar dynasty.

For comprehensive development of the country, Saudi Political elites drawn and implemented the Saudi Vision 2030 program, which due to its depth and vast reformations, some called it as a revolution. This outlook program was rooted in internal and international political, economic and social necessities and its designers intended to introduce a modern and successful country in the framework of this state document and also become a successful pattern for other the Middle East countries. However, studying the 2030 program after four years of its implementation, demonstrate that this program, to large extent, has not been fruitful so far. In this regard, interior challenges and obstacles have been the core cause of failure of the program. Accordingly, the main question of the research is what have been the domestic challenges and obstacles of Saudi Vision 2030 in political, economic and social – cultural developments? In other words, why to large extent Saudi Arabia has not been successful in materializing the Vision 2030? The findings reveal that in economic section lack of attention to meritocracy and inability in establishing welfare entrepreneurship and failure in promoting economic condition and in political aspect lack of depth relations with civil and social groups in the framework of political participations and in social-cultural section lack of attention to religious and tradition foundations and also conservative structure of Saudi society were key obstacles and challenges of the Vision 2030. The research method is analytical-descriptive and the developmental state theory was used for analyzing the subject-matter.

The victory of the Islamic revolution of Iran in the final decades of the 20th century was the source of great changes in the world. Putting out the light of the era of religious disbelief, the Islamic revolution also had a deep influence on Muslim nations. Undoubtedly, Shi'ite nations, the Shi'a minority in Saudi Arabia among them, because of their vast similarities with Iranian Shi'a Muslims, were influenced more than others.The victory of the Islamic revolution and its foreign policy was a turning point in the movement of Shi'a Muslims in Saudi Arabia towards attaining their rights by challenging the ruling power, in a manner that the government of Saudi Arabia was forced to adopt two kinds of strategies against them: positive and negative.In the negative dimension, they tried to engage them in religious disagreements with the Sunnis and marginalize them in order that they turn their attention away from Iran. Also, in the positive dimension, they proceeded to devise some plans to neutralize the hidden potential and power of the Shi'as of this country. This article aims to investigate the Shi'ite movement in Saudi Arabia and the impact of the Islamic Revolution of Iran on it and its inner development.

Iran in middle years of the nineteenth century involved in large political, social and cultural changes due to expand of unwanted and unavoidable relations with European countries. Being familiar with manifestations of West Civilization provided the preliminaries for the circulation of thoughts for reform, modernism, seeking for law and justice in political and social system of authoritarian Qajar. Continuity of Iranian reform and justice seeking movement resulted in Constitutional Revolution. Iran Constitutional revolution (1906), although enjoyed from important political and cultural achievements but due to continuity of authoritarian culture and some other structural difficulties, it was unwished involved in difficulties and problems which continued to the end of Qajar dynasty. When the First World War took place and Iran was occupied by the United and Allies forces, social and political situation of Iran got worse and in such situation, coupdetat occurred in 1920. Reza Khan was one of the main members in coupdetat and he desired to establish order and security and make Iran powerful and from a central government. He was a representative for intellectuals who were disappointed of fulfillment of democracy and political development. The only way to save Iran was the formation of a powerful government and cultural and social changes. It was important because general situation of Iran after Constitutional Revolution subjected to pervasive political and social crisis and there was no chance for the society to be recovered. As reading and consideration of "newspapers" was known as one of the valid and authoritative sources for getting familiar with contemporary social history of Iran, so, the current article tries to examine and consider the social situation of Iran in the years of 1923 to 1925 based on Tehran ewspapers.

The Occupation of Iraq show that Occupation is not an old expression in International Law. Lawyers have paid added attention to occupation law after Iraq occupation and ICJ Advisory Opinion about Barrier Wall (2004). The power of occupier about laws and Legislation in occupied territory is an important issue in occupation law. Article 43 of Hague convention 1907 and 64 of forth Geneva Convention 1949 are about this topic. This issue has been improved after Iraq occupation and CPA Reformations in this country. Security Council Res. 1483 has added on this Vague. The necessity of acting duties of Hague and Geneva conventions in one side and necessity of doing reformations in Iraq in another side, are exist in this resolution.

The main objective of this paper is to address the practical measures by the Vietnam about globalization and economic development, so try to answer to this question with explanatory method that Does globalization have effect on Vietnam’s economic development, if so, which factors have influenced this progress and what practical and effective actions had did Vietnam about globalization? The Results of this paper shows that Vietnam obtained the ground for economic reformations which named Doi Moi by political changes. So that this country through economic reformations, privatization, Integration with regional and world countries, attracting foreign investment, agricultural Development and encouraging exports achieved the significant growth and development in recent years. So Vietnam’s economic success was not the result of one determinant factor, but a combination of factors has been influential in the development of this country.

Amanullah Khan’s government (1919-1929 AD) is considered as one of the turning points of history of Afghanistan, because he brought about radical changes in political, economical and social-cultural structure in Afghanistan. Amongst his most important long lasting efforts was securing Afghanistan’s full independence and protection of its borders after the World War II by the support of England and Soviet Union Governments. After developing political, economic and cultural relations and opening Afghanistan’s gates to the modern culture, civilization and ideas, in order to protect his monarchy, he embarked on reformations in the government’s structure. Simultaneity of his government with those of Reza Shah in Iran and Ataturk in Turkey, both did similar measures, to protect their kingdoms, encouraged him to put into effect the intended reformations in political, social, economic fields. But these reformations amongst different strata of Afghan society of the time had reversed effect which ultimately led to Amanullah Khan’s fall and seizing power by a person from a very low political, economic and social standing. The main question of this research is whether Amanullah Khan’s fall and Bacheh-Saqqa’s coming to power was due to failure of Amanullah Khan’s reforms or Bacheh-Saqqa’s political-military power. The research main hypothesis is that failure of Amanullah Khan’s reforms led to his fall and seizing power by Bacheh-Saqqa. To find out this, with a sociological approach and by profiting from Chalmers Johnson’s Theories.Results of the present research suggest that failure of Amanullah Khan’s reforms and ruling of new social values and norms led to Amanullah Khan’s fall and seizing power by Bacheh-Saqqa.