Purpose: To evaluate the rate of complications in resident-performed phacoemulsification and influencing factors. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, the outcomes of cataract surgeries performed by 18 ophthalmology residents were analyzed. The outcome of first 80 phacoemulsification cataract surgeries (1440 cataract surgeries) performed by each resident were analyzed. Outcome measures included the rate of intraoperative capsular rupture requiring anterior vitrectomy, nucleus drop, and incomplete attempts at uncomplicated procedures. Changes in the rate of complications over the surgical training course were also assessed. Results: The most common surgical complications were capsular rupture (7. 5%), followed by incomplete attempt(s) (5. 9%), and nucleus drop (1. 1%). Comparing the first 40 and second 40 surgeries, the rate of complications decreased as a function of surgeon experience in all resident cohorts. Greater theoretical skills and younger surgeon age were associated with a lower rate of intraoperative capsular rupture (hazard ratios = 1. 421 and 1. 481, respectively,P = 0. 047 and P = 0. 041, respectively). The use of antianxiety drugs and number of surgeries in the first 6 months demonstrated no predictive value for a lower rate of intraoperative complications (hazard ratios = 0. 929 and 1. 002,P = 0. 711 and P = 0. 745, respectively). Conclusion: The use of antianxiety medication and more surgeries in the first 6 months did not decrease the rate of intraoperative complications of phacoemulsification, while improvement of theoretical skills may have increased the safety of resident-performed cataract surgery.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Encouraging resident participation in the Municipal Solid Waste Management system still becomes a challenge for cities in developing countries. Previous studies showed that existing education strategies ineffective and insufficient to change resident behavior sustainably. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a residentbased learning model to encourage sustainable resident participation in waste management programs at the household level using the Community of Practice approach. METHODS: This study was a conceptual model study using a case study as the research strategy. The case being analyzed was Kawasan Bebas Sampah (Zero Waste Area) program implemented in Bandung City, Indonesia. The primary data was collected through field observation on the 8 Kawasan bebas sampah and in-depth interviews with 63 key informants comprising 31 key actors in the educational programs and 32 informants as resident representatives, conducted from January 2020 –,November 2020. Additional data from the quantitative method was gathered in April 2021, focusing on surveying resident’, s habits toward waste management as evidence of the program result. FINDINGS: The findings showed that the education strategy implemented in Bandung City, Indonesia presented effective results, based on waste reduction rate reaching up to 0, 47% at the city level from 2019 to 2020. The survey provided evidence that the education program has succeeded in forming new habits for residents. Averagely 60% of respondents in each sample area have the habits and up to > 90% for the areas with more durable education program. Some critical points for education strategy implementations are identified. First, collaboration and supports from key stakeholders such as facilitators, local leaders, and educators become the enabler of the program. Second, key stakeholders need to identify knowledge and value needs before the program started. Third, the learning activities are conditioned to facilitate practice-based and dialogue-based learning through group and non-group learning activities. Fourth, local cadres are vital to sustaining the education program. CONCLUSION: This study has succeeded in giving a new strategic approach to improve resident participation in municipal solid waste management. The resident-based learning model proposed in this study offered a more effective strategy for other cities in developing countries to improve the sustainable participation of residents in their waste management system. However, some adjustments may be required for residents with different characteristics. Future studies may focus on testing and refining the model to improve its applicability.

Background & Aim: Different physical and social contexts can be affecting the various aspects of life in elderly people. The aim of present study was to investigate and compare of depression and death anxiety among nursing home resident and non-resident elderlies.Material & Method: The research was a descriptive comparative study and 250 nursing home resident and non-resident elderlies were participated. The sampling was done by available sampling method. The research instruments were Geriatric Depression Scale and Collet& Lester death anxiety test. Data gathering was based solely on self-reports. Data were analyzed via SPSS (V.16) using independent t-test.Result: Depression and death anxiety were significantly greater in nursing home resident elderlies respect to non-resident elderlies (P=0.05).Conclusion: According to our results, it is necessary to improve quality of life in elderly by attention to living conditions of nursing home resident elderlies, periodic psychiatric examinations and using psychological interventions in depression and anxiety.

Introduction. Despite growing evidence in the field of undergraduate medical education, there is not much data on resident training. Case presentation is a useful tool for scientific clinical education which along with evidence based medicine will become an interactive training method. So, the goal of this study was to compare traditional educational methods with hard talk and their role in learning process, based on residents' viewpoints.Methods. In a pre-experimental study, special monthly case discussion sessions (named "Hard talks on gastroenterology") were designed for internal medicine residents of Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Then the data were collected using an attitude measurement questionnaire. Each educational case was started with a title followed by history, physical examination data, as well as paraclinical lab results, respectively. The scenario ended with a definite clinical question about next needed test, diagnosis or treatment. After the sixth session, questionnaires were distributed non-randomly among 50 participants and 31 questionnaires were completed. The data were analyzed by SPSS 11 using frequency distribution and Kruskal Wallis.Results. Residents were more positive toward Hard talks. They evaluated the possibility of challenge with speakers 54.8%, learning the presented subject during the session 80.6%, the compatibility of the subject with residents' real needs 77.4%, the possibility of using the attending physician experiences 77.2%, volume of knowledge transfer in a session 67.7%. The participants considered the Hard talks better than traditional methods.Conclusion. In general, this study showed a relatively successful experience in resident training. Due to the lack of new methodologies in resident education this can be used as a guide for designing new interventions in the field.