A contract RESTRAINT of trade is a contract by which a person agrees with the other person not to carry out any specific trade with a third person who is not a party to this contract in future. A contract in RESTRAINT of trade, in the absence of special justifying circumstances, is contrary to public order and the article 28 of the Constitution and thus not valid. A contract in RESTRAINT of trade can be valid if three conditions are satisfied: the contract must be reasonable, that is, it must be reasonable in the object of RESTRAINT and it scope must not exceed the time or area than is necessary to protect that interest. There must be a contracting interest meriting protection, that is, the interest must arise from the contractual relation between the parties and it must not be contrary to the public interest, that is, it must be useful, or at least, not cause any damage to public interests.

Objective(s): According to the effects of nano-ZnO on physiological behaviors in animals, in the present study we have evaluated the effects of nano-ZnO anxiolytic doses on electrocardiogram (ECG) sings changes in the RESTRAINT and non-RESTRAINT ovariectomized (OVX) female rats. Methods: Female rats (160-180 g) were divided into: control (non-OVX + saline) and OVX groups including: control(saline), nano-ZnO 1, 2. 5 and 5mg/kg, stress of 90 or 180 min + saline and stress of 180 min+ nano-ZnO 2. 5mg/kg. Elevated plus maze (EPM) and hole board apparatus were used to measure of anxiety-like behaviors, thirty min after intraperitoneally injections or stress induction. ECG parameters and serum zinc level were measured in all groups. Results: Ovariectomy induced anxiety and RESTRAINT stress in OVX rats increased it in the hole board test. Nano-ZnO 2. 5 and 5 mg/kg improved anxiety-like behaviors in the EPM test. In the stressed rats, nano-ZnO 2. 5 mg/kg improved anxiety-like behavior in the hole board apparatus. Nano-ZnO increased zinc level in a dosedependent manner in the non-RESTRAINT OVX rats. Nano-ZnO 1 mg/kg decreased QRS amplitude and all doses decreased QT interval to the level of non-OVX group. Nano-ZnO 5 mg/kg alleviated QTc to the level of non-OVX group. Stress of 90 min increased QT interval while stress of 180 min decreased it. Nano-ZnO after stress induction could alleviate heart rate, R-R-interval and QRS interval to the level of non-OVX group. Conclusion: It seems that nano-ZnO rather than could improve anxiety, lleviated ECG parameters in the RESTRAINT and non-RESTRAINT OVX rats.

The RESTRAINT of Trade Clause shall be taken in labour agreement to preserve the Client's competition position and RESTRAINT the employee from disclosing of the Secrets of Trade and creating some subsequent legal relationships. Since, this clause causes a lot of limitations, shall be subject to several conditions including to: (i) employer's legitimate interests, (ii) determining of the time and place of performance of the clause and (iii) not discrepancy with public policy and social benefits. In the Iranian law, since, Labour Act do not comprise the RESTRAINT of trade clause expressly, we will examine the clause under general rules governing on clauses and obligations. This paper wish to examine the clause and conditions thereof generally then in Iranian Law.

Background: The use of physical RESTRAINT as an intervention in the care of psychiatric patients dates back to the beginning of psychiatry. Although it is a challenging question, it is still one of the common procedures in psychiatry. Considering that very little research has been done in Iran in relation to physical RESTRAINT, this qualitative study aimed to investigate the experiences of nurses working in psychiatric wards regarding physical RESTRAINT.Methods: This qualitative study was done on 14 nurses working in the psychiatric hospitals of Ahvaz city, southern Iran, during 2011-2012. The participants were selected by purposive sampling. Semistructured interviews were used for data collection, which were continued until data saturation and emergence of themes. Inductive content analysis was used to analyze the data.Results: Four categories emerged: (1) RESTRAINT as a multi-purpose procedure, (2) Processing of physical RESTRAINT, (3) RESTRAINT as a challenging subject and (4) The effects of RESTRAINT on the spectrum. Each category has several different sub-categories.Conclusion: The participants described using physical RESTRAINT as one of the main strategies to control psychiatric patients, and despite having negative consequences, it is extensively used. Given the risks and challenges of using physical RESTRAINT, nursing education should find alternative methods.

Introduction: Weakness in cognitive RESTRAINT leads to insufficiency in verbal and non-verbal memory, excitement and control attention, it needs more attention. Aim: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Working Memory improving on cognitive RESTRAINT of students. Method: The method this research was quasi – experimental with per – test and post– test design whit control and experimental groups. The statistical population consisted of all boy students in Allame Tabatabaii University in Tehran in the academic year 2017-2018 that among they 30 people selected with available sampling and were randomly divided in to an experimental and a control group (15 each). For experimental group conducted working memory improving intervention (by En-Back Software) in ten sessions. All subject assessed in each group by Wechsler Intelligence Scale and word-color stroop test at pre and post test. Results: The result of analysis of covariance showed that at post test, the experimental group showed a significant improvement in cognitive RESTRAINT scores (p <0/05). Conclusion: According to the finding this research could use from working memory improving intervention on improve cognitive RESTRAINT in students.