With the expansion and diversification of the process of international displacement as a factor affecting the national development of countries, the arena of migration studies needs to be reconsidered. The rising trend of external migration in recent years has been identified as one of the challenges in the policy area and requires comprehensive pathology. This study was conducted to understand and analyze the lived experience of returning specialists from the integration process in Iranian higher education. This research is trying to show what capacities encourage them to stay in the country and serve in the institution and how higher education as the most important area of recruitment does, address the human capital of returning migrants. A qualitative research method was chosen for this study. Data collection was based on 65 semi-structured interviews with specialists returning to the country with doctoral degrees and higher. In order to provide a comprehensive projection of policymaking, 12 specialized interviews were conducted with the academic department chairs and related authorities in the public and private sectors. The questions of the Scientific Committee on Approval of the Faculty, approved by the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology to understand the challenges of returning migrants were also analyzed. It seems that the approach of the higher education institution to the promotion of the human capital of returning specialists is in a limited and short-term format and the long-term integration within the process of recruitment faces many challenges such as predominance of technical view over educational system, abandoned of the humanities, incompatibility of the specialty and skills of returning migrants with the stated needs of the country's universities, the quantity centered university evaluation system, the inadequate distribution of resources, the lack of infrastructure needed to achieve the immigrant expertise, the loss of academic support networks, and different standard of making resume at home and abroad.

Objective: The objective of this study was to design a model for the social reintegration of males with drug-related offenses in Kerman Prison. Method: This study was qualitative based on a grounded theory approach. The study population consisted of all university professors, judges, judicial experts, police, prison administrators, and Addiction treatment centers affiliated with medical sciences and the welfare organization of Kerman city. Twenty-one participants were selected through purposeful sampling and data saturation technique. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews, and analysis was conducted using thematic analysis. Results: The results revealed 77 initial codes categorized into 11 main categories: building public trust, economic support, creating protective shields, creating sustainable employment, social and psychological support, creating motivation, improving social relationships, environmental improvement, monitoring and follow-up of inmates, achieving relative independence, and creating a sense of life satisfaction. Conclusion: Successful social reintegration can be considered a significant economic, social, and cultural issue to deter young people from substance use and reduce criminal motivations in society.

Victor Turner is a prominent figure in the British school of anthropology, yet his work represents a departure from British structural functionalism. Moving beyond the dominant paradigms of British anthropology, he engaged with transatlantic approaches that emphasized cultural dimensions over purely social ones. Through a dynamic interplay between field experience and theory, Turner developed a theoretical model that integrated elements from both British and American anthropology while remaining distinct from either. From this perspective, his work can be interpreted as embodying a "liminal" position or "transition," a concept central to his thought. His focus on social breaches and the processes through which these breaches lead to either reintegration or schism forms the core of his theory of social drama, which is rooted in ritual analysis as a mechanism of change. This article explores the origins, historical context, and evolution of Turner’s ethnographic methods, highlighting the interaction between fieldwork and theory in shaping his ideas. It also examines how this interplay enhances our understanding of breaches and transformations in societies undergoing crises.

Introduction: Stroke is the primary cause of functional dependency in daily activities leading to disability of the individual. It becomes an economic burden for the person and society. Post-stroke management in rehabilitation gives more emphasis on improving functional performance. The improvement in functional activities of post-stroke survivors makes them independent in their daily activities at home but, still an impediment exists to participate in society and reintegrating into the community. The objective of the study is to find the association of community reintegration with the functional performance of one-year post-stroke survivors in eastern India and to compare their functional independence, community reintegration, and participation in instrumental daily living activities between stroke affection side and stroke subtype of the study group. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out on post-stroke survivors between 30 and 60 years of age without sex barrier. Ninety-four patients (mean age 54. 38±, 12. 06) were recruited for the study. The outcome was measured by the community integration questionnaire (CIQ), Lawton instrumental activities of daily living (LIADL), and functional independence measure (FIM). Results: Spearman rank order correlation was used and found a significant positive correlation persists between FIM to CIQ as the r=0. 565 (P=0. 01, 95% CI,-0. 40%-0. 70%) and LIADL to CIQ r=0. 687 (P=0. 01, 95% CI,-0. 55%-0. 79%) FIM to LIADL r=0. 532 (P=0. 01, 95% CI,-0. 36%-0. 67%). Mann-Whitney U test was done to compare FIM, LIADL, and CIQ between stroke affection side (right vs left) and stroke sub-type (ischemic vs haemorrhagic), and no significant difference was found. Conclusion: Functional independence, instrumental activities of daily living, and community reintegration are associated with each other. Hence, community reintegration should be incorporated into stroke rehabilitation to maintain a meaningful life as a part of society and family.

In recent years, the study of women’s lived experiences has become a fundamental issue in the fields of criminology and sociology due to the rising incarceration rate of women. The objective of this research is to comprehend the lived experiences of incarcerated women the application of a qualitative approach and grounded theory methodology. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured and in-depth interviews. The cohort is composed of 21 female prisoners, aged 19 to 65, who were deliberately and conveniently selected from the incarcerated women of Yazd. The data were subjected to three phases of analysis: open, axial, and selective coding. The study’s results suggest that the fundamental phenomenon is the existence within the cycle of structural deviation. This phenomenon is influenced by a delinquency-promoting subculture, emotional crises, and secondary deviance among women. Additionally, it is influenced by intervening conditions, such as repressed childhood experiences, economic and cultural marginalization, and specific contextual factors, such as capability deprivation, skill blockage, and overwhelmed emotions. These factors collectively contribute to the ongoing existence of women within the cycle of structural deviation and their involvement in criminality. The results further reveal that incarcerated women are subject to the repercussions of defensive isolation, psychological erosion, and suspended identity. Ultimately, their responses to these challenges are characterized by the reconstruction of their identity, spiritual renewal, and psychological purification.

Introduction: Spinal cord injury (SCI) individuals face challenges in community reintegration due to various factors. This study explores the barriers and facilitators affecting their reintegration, aiming to understand and address their diverse needs and challenges in different cultural contexts. Methods: The present qualitative study was conducted between December 2021 to June 2022 among 71 SCI individuals as data saturation was achieved. Data was collected via structured in-depth interview. Participants were identified through purposive sampling method, admitted, or visited to rehabilitation center, India. Data was analyzed according to Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis method using MAXQDA 2020. Results: Data analysis led to the emergence of four major themes and several sub-themes specific to the single problem domain. The four major themes of barriers included environmental, cultural, psychological and health-related barriers. However, four facilitators (Family support, financial stability, religious practices, friends and leisure activity) came up which may help in overcoming from the challenges faced by the SCI individuals. Conclusion: People with SCI face various problems in their care, management and social lives. It is important to give attention to their needs along with comprehensive health support and strengthen the patient-provider interaction. This may generate a sense of self efficacy, self-esteem and promotes the mental well-being of people with spinal cord injuries. Working on the above mentioned issues can help SCI people in low-and middle-income countries become more integrated into their communities.