Following the author’ s declaration received to the journal on Archives of Neuroscience (Ticket #301440) and in line with COPE flowchart about duplicate publications, the editor-in-chief of the journal decided to retract the mentioned article from the publishing process. Based on a written document, the corresponding author (Ahmad-Reza Dehpour) declared that the duplicate submission was done by one of the authors (Sattar Ostadhadi).

The accused persons in criminal cases sometimes Retract from their confessions, and therefore legal systems, depending on their origins, have taken different approaches to the validity of such confessions, depending on their principles. Jurisprudential schools do not have the same view on the impact of confession retreat, and this difference in approach has left its effects in the legal systems of countries affected by Islamic law. In the present article, with a descriptive analytical method, while analyzing the jurisprudential view on this issue and its reflection in the legal systems of Muslim countries, the approach of the Islamic Penal Code adopted in 2013 towards this issue based on the principles of Imami jurisprudence has been studied, and It is clear that, on the one hand, opposition to the effectiveness of Retraction of confessionin in theft punishable by prescribed punishment, and on the other hand, Determining a specific flogging and discretionary imprisonment for defendants who Retract their confessions in crimes punishable by Hodoud of stoning and Execution in Legislative criminal policy It is not justifiable.

Purpose: To report a case of Duane's Retraction syndrome with dry eye.Patient and findings: An 18-year-old girl presented with chief complaint of limited abduction in her right eye. Best corrected visual acuity was OD: 8/10 and OS: 9/10. Ocular motility examination revealed severe abduction limitation (-4), mild adduction limitation (-1), and moderate upshot and mild down shoot in the right eye on adduction. The patient stated absence of lacrimation during crying in the right eye. Schirmer and basic tear secretion tests revealed dry eye. Conclusion: The same teratogenic factor that induced Duane's syndrome could cause impaired lacrimal gland secretion and dry eye symptoms.

Introduction: In this investigation, the distal movement of maxillary canine through distraction of periodontal ligament was clinically evaluated. In addition, a newly designed Retraction device was developed and evaluated.Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on 10 patients who were selected through a selective available sampling procedure, in the orthodontic department of Shiraz Dental School. Removal of interseptal bone and extraction of upper first premolars were performed at the same time for each patient. Then a rigid, segmental, tooth-borne appliance was designed and used to rapidly retract canines 0.75mm per day.Results: After analyzing radiographs, dental casts and clinical findings, it was shown that the anchorage units were able to withstand the Retraction force with minimal anchorage loss (0.10+0.25mm) and the canines were retracted (6.25+0.75mm) into the extraction space within 2- 3 weeks. Distal movement of canines were associated with a few tippings which were within acceptable limits a few tippings in all orthodontic movements such as tooth sliding and or orthodontics associated corticotomy. New alveolar bone was generated and remodeled rapidly in the mesial side of the canine during and after distraction. No clinical and radiographic evidence of periodontal defects or endodontic lesions was observed throughout and after distraction.Conclusion: This method can be considered as a useful method instead of routine ones because of reduction in treatment duration, rapid tooth movement and anchorage control without patient cooperation.

Distraction osteogenesis method (Do) in bone lengthening and rapid midpalatal expansion have shown the great ability of osteognic tissues for rapid bone formation under distraction force and special protocol with optimum rate of one millimeter per day. Periodontal membrane of teeth (PDM) is the extension of periostium in the alveolar socked. Orthodontic force distracts PDM fibers in the tension side and then bone formation will begin.Objects: Rapid Retraction of canine tooth into extraction space of first premolar by DO protocol in order to show the ability of the PDM in rapid bone formation. The other objective was reducing total orthodontic treatment time of extraction cases.Patients and Methods: Tweleve maxillary canines in six patients were retracted rapidly in three weeks by a custom-made tooth-born appliance. Radiographic records were taken to evaluate the effects of heavy applied force on canine and anchorage teeth.Results: Average Retraction was 7.05 mm in three weeks (2.35 mm/week). Canines rotated distal- in by mean 3.5 degrees.Anchorage loss was from 0 to 0.8 mm with average of 0.3 mm.Root resorption of canines was negligible, and was not significant clinically. Periodontium was normal after rapid Retraction. No hazard for pulp vitality was observed.Discussion: PDM responded well to heavy distraction force by Do protocol. Rapid canine Retraction seems to be a safe method and can considerabely reduce orthodontic time.

Purpose: Quantitative and qualitative evaluation of facial asymmetry in patients with unilateral exotropia Duane Retraction syndrome (DRS) with head turn in comparison with normal subjects. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was performed on 22 samples, including 11 patients with unilateral exotropia DRS with a head turn and 11 normal subjects without torticollis as a control group. To evaluate the appearance of the face, from a distance of 40 cm, four photos of each sample were captured and analyzed, using Corel Draw X7 software. The presence of qualitative facial asymmetry parameters, including one-side compression of the nostrils, cheek and face, and columella deviation were recorded. Quantitative facial asymmetry parameters, including "relative face size" and "facial angle" were also measured. Results: The mean age of patients and normal subjects was 17± 10 and 18± 10, respectively. Two groups were matched by gender and age (P=0. 885, P>0. 99, respectively). All 11 (100%) exotropia DRS patients had facial asymmetry, but in the control group, facial asymmetry was observed in 6 (54. 5%) subjects, and 5 (45. 5%) subjects had perfectly symmetrical faces (P = 0. 736). The mean facial angle in the patient group (1. 7° ± 0. 016° ) was significantly higher than the control group (0. 8° ± 0. 8° ) (P= 0. 012). Also, the mean relative face size in the patient group (1. 022± 0. 016) was significantly higher than the control group (1. 008± 1. 006) (P = 0. 019). The frequency of all qualitative facial asymmetry parameters (one-side compression of the nostrils, cheek and face, and columella deviation) in the patient group was significantly higher than the normal control group (all, P <0. 001). Conclusion: All facial asymmetry parameters in exotropia DRS patients with head turns were significantly higher than the normal control group.