Introduction: Cervical rib is relatively uncommon congenital abnormality that originates from the seventh cervical vertebrae and rarely from the sixth vertebrae. The purpose of this paper is to consider that this abnormal condition is an important cause of neurovascular compression at the thoracic outlet.Methods: In this study all patients who were referred to radiology department of Isfahan hospitals (Iran) for chest X-ray or other cervical films, for any reasons, were evaluated for cervical rib and anyone who had this abnormality was entered in this study. Here, we performed Nerve Conduction Velocity Test (NCV) and Doppler sonography, depending on the vascular or neurological symptoms.Results: The results of this study show that the incidence of the neurological compression was higher than vascular compression. In addition, the prevalence of neurological complication in female was high (85.7%) and a significant percentage of them were above 30 years.Conclusion: Cervical rib occurs more commonly in women and have different prevalence rates in different ethnic populations. Moreover, a high percentage of them have neurological complication which is a symptom of thoracic outlet syndrome.

In this paper, performance of a solar air heater has been investigated by using of transverse Ribs. For this aim, the governing equations for fluid flow including mass, momentum and energy conservation laws have been solved by Fluent software. With respect to having turbulent flow in solar air heaters and noticeable portion of radiation in heat transfer, turbulence and radiation have been considered either and for finding best models for turbulence and radiation, results have been compared with previous experimental studies for solar air heater without Ribs. Then effects of parameters such as existence of Ribs, changing effective heat flux, geometry and arrangement of the Ribs in different mass flow rates, have been studied by using of obtained best models. The results confirmed enhancement of thermal performance by using of transverse Ribs and illustrated that wedge shaped Ribs have the best thermal performance among the investigated geometries. In addition, optimum arrangement of the Ribs is different for various Reynolds numbers. So that in low Reynolds numbers optimum gap between two adjacent Ribs is more than it in high Reynolds numbers.

The effects of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Rheum Ribs L. (RR) of the family polygonaceae was studied on serum cholesterol concentration in rabbits. To induce hypercholesterolemia, 0.5 g/kg/day of pure cholesterol powder was given orally to each rabbit for two weeks; then cholesterol was halved and each group of animals was treated with a different regimen for another two weeks. Both the ethanolic and the aqueous extracts significantly decreased serum cholesterol conc-entration. The ethanolic extract decreased serum cholesterol by the end of the first and the second week by 43.9% and 59.1% (both p<0.001) respectively; while the cholesterol reduction with aqueous extract was 25.01% (p<0.05) and 43.82% (p<0.01) at the end of the first and the second week of treatment respectively. The ethanolic extract was found to be more potent than the aqueous one. When comp- ared with nicotinic acid as a positive control, the hypocholesterolemic effect of ethanolic extract was significantly higher than that of nicotinic acid. Therefore, we may conclude that RR extracts have hypocholesterolemic effect and thus can be used in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia which is the major risk factor of cor-onary heart disease (CHD).      

A 65 year-old overweight man with a history of prostate cancer was referred to our nuclear medicine department for bone scanning. Anterior projection images showed two small foci of increased radiotracer uptake corresponding to the anterior arcs of the right and left sixth Ribs, which were interpreted as suspicious for metastatic involvement. Eight months later the patient was referred for follow-up bone scan. In the follow-up scan, those two foci of abnormal radiotracer activity were outside the limits of the bony structures of the chest. In fact, those foci changed their position and were due to radiotracer uptake by the enlarged breasts of this gentelman (Gynecomastia). Previously, it has been just one report concerning radiotracer uptake in the breasts of a man. Based on our case report, this abnormal finding is not exclusively observed in women and it can be also seen in men who suffer from gynecomastia. Physical examination in these settings can be extremely helpful. Oblique, lateral and SPECT (Single Photon Emission Tomography) views can also confirm the extraskeletal origin of radiotracer uptake.

A five-year-old male Dobennan pinscher with an oval-shaped mass in the left side of thorax, respiratory distress, and an impainnent of the use of the left forelimb was referred to the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Shahid Chamran University in Ahvaz. Radiographs were taken. The abnonnal mass was removed by radical surgery. Histopathological examination confirmed the occurrence of a well-differentiated canine osteosarcoma. The case was re-examined after approximately 15 months, which revealed a large mass in the left side and metastases in the right thoracic wall and lung. The decision was taken to euthanize the patient and a necropsy was perfonned. The recommended treatment for canine osteosarcoma is the removal of the primary tumor followed by adjuvant chemotherapy, but recurrence is common.

The cooling efficiency of blade is growing demand with increasing turbine inlet temperature in gas ‎turbine development. Ribs used in cooling channels is a common cooling structure, therefore, many ‎configurations were studied by previous literatures, including angle, spacing, shape etc. However, there ‎are less research about the dislocation Ribs structure. In this paper, the 45-deg parallel Ribs, crossed Ribs ‎and dislocation Ribs were investigated by numerical simulation, in order to reveal the heat transfer ‎performance and flow mechanism. Refer to the experiment, SST k-ω model was applied in steady ‎simulation, at Re from 20000 to 50000. Due to the angled Ribs can induce the secondary flow and ‎generate small helical vortices at front corner, heat transfer performance was elevated. The large rotating ‎vortices influenced by the Ribs arrangement occupy the center channel, thence the dislocation caused ‎different flow and heat transfer results. The results shown that parallel rib has higher heat transfer ‎enhancement than crossed Ribs, but pressure loss possess considerable level. At Re=21587, the averaged ‎turbulent kinetic energy of Case2. 2 with dislocation Ribs is 22. 4% lower than parallel Ribs. The all 45-deg ‎crossed Ribs present higher level of overall thermal performance, and Case2. 2 is optimal for the range of ‎Re investigated‎.

Erector Spine Block is a simple and effective block in controlling chest wall and upper abdominal pain. It is also possible to increase painless period for a few days by placing a catheter. We used this block in a high-risk traumatic patient to reduce the pain of rib fractures.

The production of electricity by solar thermal power plants is one of the promising ways to utilize renewable energy sources and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Solar thermal power plants use concentrated solar radiation to heat a fluid that drives a turbine or an engine. One of the common technologies for concentrating solar radiation is the linear parabolic trough collector, which consists of a parabolic-shaped reflector that focuses the sunlight onto a receiver tube located at the focal line. In this research, the turbulent fluid flow and heat transfer in tubes with solid and porous fins as well as without fins were investigated numerically using a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. The objective was to study the impact of the fin type on the heat transfer and flow structure at different Reynolds numbers, which represent the ratio of the inertial forces to the viscous forces in the fluid. The findings showed that using the porous fin, the friction coefficient decreased and overall Nusselt number increased compared to the solid fin and the plain tube. The porous fin enhanced the heat transfer by creating more mixing and vortices in the fluid, while reducing the pressure drop by allowing some fluid to pass through the fin. The results of this research can provide useful insights for the design and optimization of internally finned tubes for solar thermal power plants.

Introduction: Generally, geometrical parameters of the cyclone have a profound effect on determining its performance. The air outlet (Vortex Finder) as one of the cyclone’, s components has a significant impact on the cyclone’, s internal flow pattern, pressure drop and even dust removal efficiency. Material and Methods: Two different air outlets were designed in order to be easily installed and removed. The Ribs (both in the opposite and the same swirl direction with the air flow) were inserted at the inner wall of the vortex finder. The step length of the blades was calculated to be 1. 5. The dust feeder was injected the silica particles with a concentration about of 2. 1 gr/m into the inlet air. The results of dust removal efficiency of the cyclone were calculated and compared for three groups of total dust, PM10 and PM2. 5 in different experimental conditions. 3 Results: Installation of spiral blades in same swirl direction as the air flow inside the cyclone increased 7. 75, 7. 73 and 6. 75 percent in total efficiency, PM10 and PM2. 5, respectively. The dust removal efficiencies for total dust, PM10 and PM2. 5 increased by 2. 6%, 2. 33% and 1. 5%, respectively, when the swirl direction of Ribs and air flow was the opposite. The effect of helical blades on pressure drop for the first experimental setup (same direction) decreased by (-2. 5%) and in the second one (opposite direction) increased by (+2. 03%). The best quality factor was also calculated for the cyclone with the blade aligned with the air flow direction. Conclusion: Use of Ribs in the inner wall of the cyclone vortex finder, especially when the rotation direction of the Ribs and airflow are the same, leads to a decrease in pressure drop and increase in dust collection efficiency which finally leads to improvement of cyclone performance.