the definition of the word ‘, Robot’,was first given by Josef Capek in 1920,who used the word in the title of a play by the name of “, Rossum’, s Universal Robots”,As per the definition of Encyclopaedia Britannica robot is "any automatically operated machine that replaces human effort, though it may not resemble human beings in appearance or perform functions in a humanlike manner". The role of robots in surgery and anaesthesia is now a reality. Since the approval by FDA in year 2000, surgeons have been using Da Vinci surgical robot in more than 1500 hospitals in USA. In the last 20 years, surgeons have shifted to small incision surgical procedures with the help of surgical robot among other techniques. . . .

The governing equation of multi-link robots are nonlinear in nature. Perturbation analesis is used to arrive at approximate closed form solutions to better understand the behaviour of these system at resonance, when flexible link and a flexible joint to stady the effects of nonlinearities. MAPLE is used in this study to arrive at the approximate solution of the equation of motion of the robot in question the two variable are expanded in a power series and the terms of this series are solved recursively. The study reveals that the system behaves like one with quadratic nonlinearities, and periodicts, saturation at internal resonance and the jump resonance phenomenon.

The aim of the research was to investigate the achievements of educational Robotics studies. This applied study was conducted with a qualitative approach and a systematic review method. Valid documents and researches of the last ten years were used as the research community, which was determined using purposeful sampling based on the rule of theoretical saturation of the sample size. In this way, valid domestic and foreign articles in the period from 2013 to 2023 were searched using the keywords educational Robotics, educational Robotics, and social Robotics. In the initial search, 930 articles were identified, of which only 25 articles were eligible. Data analysis resulted in the extraction of 4 main themes and 21 secondary themes. The main topics included: definitions and concepts of educational Robotics, components of educational Robotics, opportunities of educational Robotics and challenges of educational Robotics. In general, the definitions of educational Robotics included: Robotics as an interdisciplinary field, a powerful educational tool, a tool for developing 21st century skills, preparation for future jobs, and an independent curriculum. Also, the components of educational Robotics included: robot, hardware, software, educational materials, teacher and educational environment. The opportunities of educational Robotics also included: overall effectiveness of educational Robotics, professional development of teachers, creativity and motivation, diversity and expansion of participation. The challenges of educational Robotics included: cost and access, teacher training and program integration, evaluation of learning outcomes, learning and diversity, and sustainability and maintenance.

Over the last several years, integration of multiple media sources into a single information system has been rapidly developing. With the recent introduction of many high level authoring, animation, modeling, and rendering programs for personal computers, significant multimedia courseware programs can now be developed by professors and students. Even with these new tools, a considerable amount of time is required to produce an interactive multimedia program for engineering education. This paper examines various multimedia development tools and how they can be used for education courseware. It discusses the development of a multimedia training material for mechanical robotic manipulators. The instructional material is developed to assist trainees in acquiring skills needed for mechanical manipulator. Finally, actuators of an industrial robot are modeled by pneumatic systems and then programmed and controlled by programmable logic controllers (PLC). Software for simulating and controlling a 3 DOF robot was designed by PLC to give a better understanding of the power of PLC in robot control and programming.