Scented rose species are very important in the genus Rosa due to their use in highly-prized essential oil production and as garden roses. The fragrance of the rose flower (attar) captured by extraction is one of the most valuable flavor and fragrance products. A comprehensive study of the papers published in the field of in vitro culture and biotechnology of these species, particularly Damask rose, was performed. Then, in separate sections, the articles related to media preparation for callus culture, shoot regeneration and multiplication, rooting, and cell suspension culture were reviewed. In this paper, the stages of the in vitro culture of scented roses, including establishment, multiplication, in vitro rooting, acclimatization, and genetic variability are also considered. Subsequently, investigations on methods of in vitro culture of scented roses by callus, pollen, anther, cell suspension, and protoplast culture are described. Finally, technological improvements for micropropagation, biotechnology. pharmaceutical, and other properties of the Damask rose and other species of scented roses are discussed. Prospects of in vitro culture and biotechnological techniques of scented rose species are also discussed. Among scented roses, the focus of this paper is on four species, namely Rosa damascena Mill., R. gallica Linn., R. centifolia Linn., and R. moschata Herrm., which are highly prized for oil production.

An in vitro propagation protocol has been developed for three superior Damask rose accessions using axillary buds of mature 5 years-old plants. Effects of culture medium and plant genotype were evaluated using a split plot design based on a completely randomized design with three replications. Surface sterilization was carried out with 0.1% HgCl2 for five minutes. The appropriate seasons for collecting explants were summer and autumn. Endogenous contamination was eliminated by cefotaxim antibiotic. Shoot growth rate and shoot index showed better performances on MS than on WPM medium. Thidiauzuron (TDZ) in combination with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) induced significantly higher number of shoots per explants than the most optimum BAP treatment alone. The highest level of shoot multiplication rate (5.9) was recorded at a combination of 5 mgl-1 BAP and 0.1 mgl-1 TDZ. Type and concentration of auxins did not have significant effects on shoot multiplication and shoot length. Between various cytokinins, BAP was more effective than kinetin on shoot multiplication. There was no consistent response by both shoot multiplication rate and genotype to different concentrations on growth regulators. Two accessions were rooted on the medium supplement with 0.1 and 0.2 mgl-1 naphtalene acetic acid respectively.

In this study, marketing situation, problems and services of Dutch Roses was investigated in Isfahan province as a main rose producing region in Iran. In this context, marketing margin, share of marketing agents in marketing margin, marketing cost coefficients and marketing efficiency were calculated and marketing path and marketing services of roses flower including harvesting, transportation, packing, sorting and standardization in major path were investigated. The data used in this study were gathered through completing questionnaires from 38 producers, wholesalers (cut flowers distributors) and retailers (flower sellers) and by interviewing four consulting companies in Dutch Roses production and marketing. The results indicated that 56.5 percent of producers are only engaged with production activities and not exporting flowers to either foreign countries or the other provinces in the country. In the main path, average coefficient of technical efficiency (78.17%) was found to be higher than that of price efficiency (34.67%) and based on the marketing efficiency, 108 Rial value added can be achieved from each 100 Rial marketing services cost.

The postharvest vase life of cut roses was studied to determine the effects of various physiological factors that influence the vase life of cut flower.Cut roses were obtained from commercial area of Siliguri. To assess the effect of preservatives on the postharvest life of rose, cut flowers were treated with following preservative solutions: fixed amount of citric acid (CA) (300 mg/ml) and 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) (200 mg/ml) with various concentrations (1% to 8%) of sucrose solution. Each treatment consisted of 3 replicates. Cut roses were treated with different solutions and were kept at normal room temperature (20o C) under normal day light and natural ventilation. The biochemical parameters such as phenol, flavonol content, total soluble sugar, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar, and for antioxidant property 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity was determined in flowers treated for 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 days, respectively. The physiological parameters such as vase life, water uptake, transpiration rate and water balance were also observed. The results demonstrated that the flowers which were treated with 5% of sucrose extended the vase life of cut flower from 4 to 8 days by improving the carbohydrate supply and reducing oxidative stress mediated damages during rose flower senescence.

The reaction of the photosynthetic apparatus in capturing light energy depended on the arrangement of the leaves, stems, and side branches. This process accelerates in the substrate when the intensity of the absorbed photon flow passes from the light compensation point. To evaluate the effect of greenhouse floor covering on the growth rate of roses, an experiment was conducted as factorial based on a randomized complete design with three replications in a rose production greenhouse in the spring of 2020. The experimental factors included greenhouse floor mulch in four levels (aluminum foil, ceramic, white plastic, and concrete (control)) and the second factor of eight weeks of growth. The results showed that the maximum photosynthesis (17.1 µmol CO2m–2S–1) was recorded from aluminum mulch in the first growth week and the minimum of it (4.05 µmol CO2.m–2.s–1) was observed in the fourth growth week in concrete mulch. The trend changes in stomatal conductance (gs) was similar to the photosynthesis during the eight weeks of plant growth, but in the abaxial lower leaves, the stomatal conductance was higher than the value of abaxial in upper leaves. The maximum amount of weekly growth (18.7 cm) was due to the application of aluminum mulch in the first week of growth. The amount of plant growth was slow in all treatments, however, in the eighth week, the maximum amount of weekly growth with the amount of 13.3 cm was related to aluminum mulch, and the amount of weekly growth in ceramic, white plastic, and concrete mulches was recorded 12.0, 9.99 and 9.2 cm, respectively. In general, the results showed that the use of mulches that have a higher light reflection coefficient is effective and significant in increasing the photosynthetic power of lower leaves and helping to increase plant growth.