Background: Sudden infant death syndrome or SIDS is an idiopathic syndrome that leads to sudden and unexpected death in infants aged less than one year (12 months). It is prevalence rate is 7.0 per 1, 000 live births. This type of death is very bitter experience enormous sorrow for the family. Various risk factors have been identified for this idiopathic Syndrome (the parents, baby and infant sleep environment) have been identified. According to the statistics and detailed information regarding SIDS risk factors does not exist in Iran. This study aimed to identify risk factors for SIDS in infants and frequency and analysis was conducted in Qom.Methods: In this cross-sectional study of 1021 infants health centers in Qom 1-12 months in 2014 to cluster random sampling were included. Data were collected by questionnaire in three parts SIDS risk factors related to parental characteristics (8 items), infants (9 items) and infant sleep environment (6 items).To determine reliability of this questionnaire, and we used Cronbach’s alpha method. The questionnaire’s reliability was determined as 0.83 through Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. After determining the frequency of risk factors, the results were analyzed by comparing with other studies. The obtained data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS 18 at significance level of less than 0.05.Results: 46 (4.5%) of mothers were younger than 21 years.491 (48.1%) of infants were boys. Among the fathers, 92 (9%) were smoking during pregnancy. The birth weight of 130 infants (12.7%) was less than 2.5 kg.942 infants (92.3%) had shared bedroom (Co-Sleeping) and 346 (35.7%) had shared bed (Bed-Sharing). Infant sleeping in prone (Prone position) and lateral positions (Side lying position) which are considered common risk factors were seen in 154 (15.1%) and 402 (39/4%) infants, respectively.Conclusion: SIDS risk factors were common. The results showed that the highest risk factor (92.3 %) has been shared bedroom. Increase awareness of parents to educate their families and physicians about risk factors and prevention is necessary. Due to differences some of the risk factors with other studies and the lack of accurate information about this syndrome, studies to identify risk factors and the incidence of SIDS in Iran and other parts of the world is recommended.

Fluctuations in food prices are one of the challenges of the economic history of Iran that had resentment among all groups of the population and Followed challenging the authorities and the authorities have been seeking. Thus, the stability and regulation of market equilibrium prices of these products and creating permanent prices are traditional concern of policy makers. Always Meat product had been the most important and essential products for Iranian society. In present research, demand functions of Meat products estimated in urban region of Mazandaran province in term of 1988-2013. After coefficient test, results denoted that between the four systems demand IROOT, CBS, AIDS and INBR, only the inverse demand system NBR (INBR) is consistent with research data. Results show that INBR system is compatible system according to data. Also compensatory and non-compensatory cross elasticity’s show that all type of meat are substitution. According to Scale elasticity, Beef is a Luxury product and Chicken and Aquatic Meat are normal and essential product.

Background and Objectives: Adipose tissue plays a role in releasing hormones including orexin, that regulates energy metabolism, nutrition, body weight, control system, autonomic, sleep, insulin sensitivity, breathing, drug addiction, and reproductive axis. The pregnancy is associated with a series of metabolic changes that provide energy and nutrients for mother and fetus. Orexin increases insulin sensitivity and reduces diabetes and metabolism and increases energy expenditure and development of the fetus and newborn. This review aimed to summarize the studies related to orexin A, normal and complicated pregnancy, lactation, and sudden infant death (SID).Materials and Methods: In this study, 320 articles were found through electronic search in Pubmed, Google, Google Scholar, Yahoo, Iran Medex, Science Direct, and SID databases during 1998 to 2016 and 13 articles were finally examined.Results: The results showed that orexin A in the placenta plays an important role in the regulation of energy metabolism during pregnancy and AF volume and its reduction probably causes idiopathic polyhydramnius and increases the risk of gestational diabetes resolutions. And its reduction after delivery increases prolactin and lactation. Orexin A reduction in brain stem is associated with sleep disorders that causes sudden infant death to occur.Conclusion: The study showed that, orexin plays a role in improving insulin resistance and sets the sleep cycle, fetal and infant growth, uncomplicated pregnancy, and lactation.

Background: Sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) remains one of the leading causes of infant mortality worldwide and is largely driven by sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Although SIDS has received coverage and examination of content spanning Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter across the published academic literature, there is no study to date that has examined SIDS related content on YouTube. Methods: This descriptive observational study was conducted from December 2023 through January 2024 and sought to describe the sources, formats and content covered across the 100 widely viewed videos pertaining to SIDS on YouTube. Results: The majority of the videos published were by organizations (N=64) including healthcare systems, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and police departments. Several of the widely viewed SIDS-related content was disseminated by professionals (N=42). Multiple videos presented content on the symptomology pertaining to SIDS as well as contributing environmental risk factors. A wide range of resources were depicted as SIDS reduction measures. Notably, there was substantial emphasis on SIDS reduction postnatally across the widely viewed videos. There was limited representation of content on SIDS awareness and reduction outside of the United States. Conclusion: Clinical, public health, and organizational implications and recommendations are presented to inform future targets for intervention that can harness findings from this study on widely covered and uncovered content to address the totality of risk factors for SIDS. Future directions in health promotion across the SIDS reduction landscape are also reviewed to account for digital spaces globally, thereby contributing towards reducing infant mortality worldwide.

Objectives: Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the third most frequent cause of infant mortality in the United States (US), which kills 3500 infants a year and accounts for 8% of all infant deaths. The study aims to evaluate mothers’ practices of preventing SIDS in Holy Karbala City and to find if there is a relationship between the mothers’ practices regarding the prevention of SIDS and demographic variables.  Methods: This descriptive study was conducted at primary healthcare centers in Holy Kerbala City, Iraq (PHCCs). A total of 300 mothers answered a specific study questionnaire. The data were collected and analyzed statistically. The study was conducted on women who attend immunization units in PHCCs within the city of Holy Karbala. Both participants and PHCCs were selected randomly. A questionnaire study was constructed by an investigator based on previous studies in addition to the investigator’s experiences. The questionnaire included two parts, the first was about mothers’ sociodemographic characteristics and the second part reported practices about safe sleep for the child. The SPSS software, version 26 was used to analyze and interpret the data. Results: Mothers had a good level of practice in SIDS prevention with an Mean±SD of 16.6±2.7 and a total score of good practice (14.9±22). There is a significant relationship between mothers’ practices concerning their level of education, occupational status, and smoking status (P=0.001). However, there is a non-significant relationship between the mothers’ practices and the age, number of children, residency, and socioeconomic status (P>0.05). Discussion: SIDS is the sudden death of an infant under 1 year of age that cannot be explained following a thorough case investigation. This study shed light on the mothers’ practices in the prevention of SIDS in holy Kerbala City and found that mothers had a good level of practice in SIDS prevention regardless of their ages, number of children, residency, and socioeconomic status. To raise public awareness of SIDS, a comprehensive health education program should be put in place through mass media and booklets. Additionally, nursing staff must adhere to safe sleep standards, notably the supine posture. They should especially educate new and inexperienced moms about these measures during the antenatal period and after delivery.

On 26th of April 2012, the “Autonomous Province of Trento” has brought into effect the Law n.31/2006 “Regulations for Diagnostic Post Mortem Investigation in Victims of the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and Unexpected Fetal Death", establishing an agreement with the “Lino Rossi” Research Center of the University of Milan. The Law states that all infants suddenly died within the first year of life, suspected of SIDS, and all fetuses died after the 25th week of gestation without any apparent cause, must undergo an anatomopathological examination.

The outbreak of the pandemic has prompted the scientific community to build models that can reliably monitor and predict the evolution of pandemics. Payment of medical expenses is the most important benefit offered by pandemic insurance policies. This paper considers a one year healthcare insurance contract in which a policyholder protects against an epidemic risk within the policy term and its side effects at most five years later for those who got an infection during the policy period. To derive actuarial computations, it considers a SIDS epidemic model in which infection rates depends on the time. Under such SIDS epidemic model and four health insurance plans fair premium have been evaluated.