The use of smartphones among healthcare professionals is increasing, and as a result, their applications (apps) are available to perform a variety of healthcare-related tasks. [1] Many healthcare applications including dosage calculators, reference guides, and report books have been developed for healthcare professionals and are available for download. [2] Although programs are unique in their ability to simply perform a specific task, there are currently no regulations regarding their content, and healthcare professional participation occurs at variable levels. [3] Meanwhile, overdose management and toxicology often require calculations to determine the risk posed to patients. Smartphone applications may provide clinicians with efficient and reliable tools to help manage poisoned patients. Similarly, programs that provide advice on overdose, intentional, and accidental harm may be a useful resource for clinicians when they are unsure about the best medical approaches. [4] Considering that the primary treatment of Iranian poisoned patients in most hospitals is provided by interns, general practitioners, or even specialists who do not have sufficient knowledge and experience in the field of poisoning, the diagnosis and treatment management of these patients may be associated with mistakes or lack of attention to important issues during treatment. Therefore, the integration of technology in medical education can lead to the development of innovative solutions for training future healthcare professionals. Our team has created a web application using WordPress, PHP (hypertext preprocessor), and My Structured Query Language (MySQL), which can be used on mobile devices and tablets and can increase the learning experience of medical students in evaluating poisoned patients. And to improve the educational quality of students and to choose the best possible path from diagnosis to treatment so that no process is lost.

In recent years, blockchain technology has been used in many fields, including IoT and Smartphones. Since most of these devices are battery constrained and have low processing capabilities, conventional blockchains are not suitable for these types of systems. In this field, critical challenges that need to be addressed are providing security for transactions and power consumption. An available solution to meet the mentioned challenges is TrustChain. Unlike conventional blockchains, TrustChain does not have a single global chain. Instead, each node is responsible for building and maintaining its local chain. With all the benefits, TrustChain is vulnerable to the whitewashing attack and suffers from client vulnerability issues. Moreover, once a fatal error occurs, the recovery time of each TrustChain node is considerably high. In this paper, we propose a solution to address the attacks mentioned above by implementing an authentication system with MongoDB on top of TrustChain. Moreover, we connected TrustChain to the distributed cloud storage to significantly reduce the recovery time of nodes in fatal errors (up to 80%). Finally, we evaluate improved TrustChain with the PoW-based smartphone-oriented blockchains from two aspects of security and power consumption, proving that improved TrustChain does not significantly affect the lifetime of the smartphone battery. Its power consumption is less than mentioned blockchains and is more secure than these systems against main attacks.

Objective: Despite the awareness of smartphone addiction, low findings and lack of validated standards have led to insufficient information in this area. This study aimed to examine the relationship between mobile phone dependency and mental disorders in students in Iran, while controlling for the impact of gender, age, educational levels, and marital status. Method: In this cross-sectional study, a sample of 1400 university students (445 males and 955 females) aged 18-35 years were selected from 3 cities of Tehran, Isfahan and Karaj. The participants filled out a set of questionnaires: Cell Phone Dependency Questionnaire (CPDQ), Millon Multiaxial Clinical Inventory, and participated in interviews. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression method via SPSS-22 software. Results: In terms of controlling the demographic variables, the results revealed that bipolar disorder, depression, anxiety, somatization, dependent personality disorder, and compulsive personality disorder could increase the possibility of mobile phone addiction by 4. 2, 4. 2, 1. 2, 2. 8, 3. 1, and 3. 2 folds, respectively (P < 0. 05). However, other disorders and demographic characteristics did not have any significant effects on the equation. Conclusion: The results can help better understand the relationship between psychological syndromes and smartphone addiction and can also facilitate further studies in this field. In addition, those students with smartphone addiction should be provided with different preventative strategies. Moreover, a growing range of stimulating applications may trigger the risk of addiction.

Introduction: Medical applications help physicians to make more rapid and evidence based decisions that may provide better patient care. This study aimed to determine the extent to which smart phones and medical applications are integrated in the emergency department daily practice. Methods: In a cross sectional study, a modified standard questionnaire (Payne et al.) consisting of demographic data and information regarding quality and quantity of smartphone and medical app utilization was sent to emergency-medicine residents and interns twice (two weeks apart), in January 2015. The questionnaire was put online using open access "Web-form Module" and the address of the web page was e-mailed along with a cover letter explaining the survey. Finally, responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and SPSS 22 software. Results: 65 cases participated (response rate 86%). The mean age of interns and residents were 25.03 ± 1.13 and 30.27 ± 4.68 years, respectively (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between interns and residents in owning a smartphone (p = 0.5). Android was more popular than IOS (67.7% against 25.8%) and the most popular medical apps were Medscape and Up To Date, respectively. 38 (61.3%) of the respondents were using their apps more than once a day and mostly for drug information. English (83.9%), Persian (12.9%), and other languages (3.2%) were preferred languages for designing a medical software among the participants, respectively. Conclusion: The findings of present study showed that smartphones are very popular among Iranian interns and residents in emergency department and a substantial number of them own a smartphone and are using medical apps regularly in their clinical practice.

Background and Objective: Aging period is associated with potential threats such as loneliness and isolation. One of the most common mental disorders in the elderly is cognitive disorders and depression. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of smartphones use in depression in the retired elderly people of Yazd. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 408 elderly people who were covered by the retirement center of Yazd province in 2018. The samples were selected through random sampling method. The questionnaires included demographic characteristics, internet usage, and GDS (Depression Scale). After data collection, analysis was performed using SPSS software version 18 and Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis and Chi-square. Results: 74. 1% (74 people) of the elderly who used the Internet had no depression and 38. 4% (60 people) of the elderly reported the reason for using the mobile phone is obtaining information and severe depression in this group was less than the other group (8. 3% including 5 people). Mean depression score by gender (p = 0. 046), marital status, education, income, lifestyle (p≤, 0. 001), and reason for internet use (p = 0. 043) were significantly different in the two groups of Smartphone and non-Smartphone users. Conclusion: Given the results and the positive role of smart phones in reducing depression in the elderly, programs for the elderly need to be designed through social networks. Using the Internet and social networks can help increase the respect and confidence of older people at community level, and isolate and loneliness caused by child marriage, death of a partner, and physical and mental disabilities can be Reduced by using a Smartphone and improved the mental health of the elderly, also through proper policymaking and activation of support systems to improve their well-being, efforts can be made to achieve a favorable period for them.