Background and Aim: Today, considering the mechanical life, sitting behind the table and doing harmful movements make susceptible people prone to musculoskeletal abnormalities, the reason for which is remained unclear. The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between flexibility and Somatotype with abnormal lumbar lordosis among female students. Materials and Methods: A total of 92 female students of Ahvaz Islamic Azad University participated in the study. Research variables included the degree of lumbar lordosis measured using 30-cm flexible ruler and forward bending test using Youdas and Rate of flexibility method. Somatotype (endomorph, mesomorph, and ectomorph) was calculated using Heath and Carter Somatotype method. The data were analyzed using Spearman, correlation, and multiple regression with the significance level set at α = 0. 05. Results: The results showed that there was no significant relationship between flexibility and lumbar lordosis (r=-0. 11, p=0. 3), but there was a significant negative relationship between endomorph and lumbar lordosis (r=-0. 40 and p=0. 0001). There was a positive relationship between mesomorph Somatotype (r=0. 18, p =0. 09) as well as the ectomorph Somatotype (r=0. 07, p=0. 48) and lumbar lordosis. Regression of predicted lumbar lordosis using variables of the flexibility and Somatotype was significant only for endomorphy and mesomorphy components (f=4. 35and p=0. 003). Conclusion: According to the results and the possibility of predicting lordosis changes using Somatotype components, it seems that physical conditions of the individual should be considered prior to any intervention in spinal abnormalities.

Objective: This research is focused on analyzing the relationship between Somatotype and column and lower limb deformities of those with Down syndrome but there are no sufficient researches in this area. Materials and methods: The subjects of study were 30 Down syndrome female students, with average age of 16.5 years old, average height of 139.86 cm, average weight of 60.76 kg, who were selected randomly to participate in the study. This research is done based on descriptive-cooperative method. Spinal column deformities were measured by New York test, posture screening and lower limb deformities were measured by tests related. Somatotype was measured by Heath-Carter method which measured variables including: height, weight, 4skinfolds, 2 girth (upper arm and calf), 2 breadths (humerus and femur). The relationship between some of deformities with Somatotype was analyzed using chi-square test (X2).Results: The findings include the average BMI 30.76 and HWR 36.14 (% 86.66 of subjects were Endomorph, %10 Ectomorph, and %3.33 Mesomorph). Body mass index studies showed the participants of this study were (%23.33 of the normal rang, %36.66 of the over weight rang, %50 of the obeuse rang). The rate prevalence of deformities included: Neck Lordosis %60, Torticollis %20, Scolisis %6.6, Kyphosis of Thoracic %10, and Lumbar Lordosis %63.33. The results of chi-square test showed that there was no significant relationship between Somatotype and deformities: Neck Lordosis, Torticollis, Scolisis, and Kyphosis, while there was a significant relationship between Endomorph and Mesomorph with Lordosis.Conclusion: Somatotype in person with Down syndrome was more, and endomorph and prevalence of column deformities among them was related to the high Lumbar Lordosis.

Introduction: An important variable in investigation of agility during puberty is the age of reaching peak high velocity, which like other agility indicators is under the effect of different factors such as physical condition and type. The purpose of present research was to examine relationship between Somatotype and peak high velocity (PHV) among Iranian 7-10 years old boys.Methods: Participants were 313 7-10 year-old members of Basij talent identification centers in all Iran's provinces. Somatotype data were calculated using Heath-Cartr instruction and PHV was measured using Mirwald formula and were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regressions.Results: Results of pearson correlation showed that PHV had a positive correlation with ectomorphy and negative correlation with endomrphy and mesomorphy. Total correlation between PHV and Somatotype was 0.50 which explained 25% of PHV variance. Results of regression analysis showed ectomrphy and endomorphy were significant predictors of PHV but msomrphy was not a significant predictor of PHV.Conclusion: Endomorphy had a smaller part in predicting the PHV age, but mesomorphy was not a strong predictor, Moreover, ectomorphy following endomrophy had a strong predicting power. Studies in this area suggest that those who have greater ectomorphic characteristics are less agile and the physiologic requisites for their puberty develop later in their bodies. Therefore poor sport performance of ectomorphic children may result from their distance to PHV age so coaches and instructors should consider this measurement and Somatotype.

Introduction: Somatotype is one of the effective factors in predicting the success of athletes in various sports. Somatotype can be a determining factor in individual differences. In traditional Iranian medicine, the relationship between people’s temperaments (Mizaj) on the one hand and their physical structure and physiological and psychological performance on the other has been discussed. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between Somatotype and Mizaj in male non-athlete university students in Mashhad. Materials and Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on male students at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in the winter of 2016. The sample consisted of 200 individuals who were divided into four groups of 50 people based on their Mizaj: warm and wet, warm and dry, cold and wet, and cold and dry. The relationship between the Mizaj index and Somatotype was investigated using the Eta correlation coefficient method. Data analysis and hypothesis testing were tested in SPSS software version 21 with a significance level of p ≥ 0. 05. Results: Statistical results showed that the Eta correlation coefficient between the endomorphic type and Mizaj was 0. 89. The results of one-way analysis of variance showed that cold and wet Mizaj had a significantly higher endomorphic score than other types of Mizaj (4. 91±0. 58) (P=0. 001). Moreover, the correlation coefficient of Eta between mesomorphic type and Mizaj was 0. 924. It was also found that the warm and wet Mizaj had the significantly highest mesomorphic score (5. 12±0. 49). The correlation coefficient of Eta between ectomorphic type and Mizaj was 0. 946 (P=0. 001), and cold and dry Mizaj had the significantly highest ectomorphic score compared to other types of Mizaj (4. 83±0. 45). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that there was a significant relationship between Mizaj and the body type of young men. Therefore, since the structure of a person’s body type can be a predictor of success in any of the various sports, Mizaj can be used to determine a person’s athletic talent.

Aims and background: Low back pain causes movement and occupational restrictions in women. The aim of this study was to compare women with and without low back pain and its relationship with body type, muscle percentage and fat. Material and Methods: The statistical population consisted of women with low back pain (28 people, 30 to 60 years old) were randomly selected and 28 people were selected as healthy or controls. In this study, tape meter, caliper, colis, Heath Carter test, physical fitness software, body composition measuring device, camera and corrective movements software were used. results: Among the variables of body mass index, in all skinfolds (triceps, supralliac, subscapular and calf), arm condyle diameter, lumbar angle, percentage of fat and muscle, fat and muscle weight, as well as in ectomorphic Somatotypes and there is a significant difference in endomorphs. The predominant type of women with low back pain is ectomorphic-endomorph type. There was no significant relationship between endomorphic and mesomorphic body type with muscle and fat percentage (except for fat percentage in the low back pain group). Conclusion: In women with low back pain and obesity, being overweight leads to changes in body type and abnormalities in the trunk and spine. Therefore, experts in the field of physical education and corrective movements are recommended to provide exercises to correct lordosis and kyphosis. On the other hand, by identifying these people, it is possible to prevent abnormalities, injuries, and excessive medical expenses.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between body mass index (BMI), Somatotype and body fat percentage (BFP) with lumbar lordosis in cadets.Forthis purpose, 60 healthy male university students (mean age, weight and height: 20.6±0.8 years, 70.4±10.6 kg, and 176.5±7.0 cm respectively) were selected randomly as the sample. The lumbar lordosis angle was measured by Iranian flexible ruler and Somatotype and BFP were measured by methods used by the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK). Collective data were analyzed using descriptive and correlation statistics. The results did not indicate a significant relationship between BMI, Somatotype and BFP with lumbar lordosis as the coefficients of correlation between BMI, Somatotype and BFP with lumbar lordosis were 0.198, -0.049, and 0.068 respectively. Consequently, it seems that the calculation of the mentioned variables cannot be an appropriate indicator to predict the amount of lumbar lordosis angle.

Background and Aim: Physical status and body composition are affected by various parameters such as ecological, nutritional, and racial as well as age and sex factors. Therefore, identification of most effectiveness factors for health and sport performance can be useful to develop a formulation during sports programs. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between Somatotype profile, environmental potential and socio-economic indicators in some provinces of Iran. Materials and Methods: This research is a descriptive-analytic type. The Somatotype and body mass indices (boys 9-13 years old) are used as anthropometric indicators as well as the height, latitude and human development indices are used as environmental and economic indicators. The human development index are considerd as average of the three indicators of life expectancy, instruction and education and per capita GDP in terms of equal purchasing power with the same weight. The statistical methods were used as spatial statistics in ArcGIS and SPSS softwares. Results: Regression analysis showed that there is a linear relationship between Somatotype and topographic features (R2=0. 39, p=0. 02). Also, according to regression test, there was a significant relationship between body mass index and latitude (R2=0. 42, p=0. 0001, height (R2=0. 39, p=0. 008) and human development index (R2=0. 37, p=0. 005) respectively. Conclusion: The physical condition and especially the Somatotype, depends on geographical areas and also different socioeconomic conditions. Therefore, it can be used extensively in talent identification, sports polarization and health promotion.

The purpose of this research is to determine the relationaship between body type (endomorphy, mesomorphy, edtomorphy) and body composition variables (body density, percent body, fat mass, lean body weight) with performance in basic motor model and general soccer abilities. Statical sociaty has conducted research in which 153 male students at highschool level in farsan town. Their hight, weight and beneath skin fat in differenm parts of body, also. The thickness of thigh bone and arm were measured, then basic motor models were tested. then the subjects performed basic football skillssuch as passing,shooting and dribblingand the results were registerd. after that, by using the measures and heath -carter Somatotype rating form (courtesy of carter & heath 1990), body types of subjects were recognized and by related formulas, the body composition variables were recognized. By utilization of pearson producat moment correlation the relationship between body type factors and body composition variables with the all basic motor models and general soccer ability tests results were evaluated. All the results shown that increasing of Endomorphy part in subjects weakens some results of tests such as agility and dribbling test. Increasing in "endomorphy part cause the weakness in performance in subjets and from body composition Variables plus and meamingful Correlation was abserved between lean body weight and vertical iump.