Graphic Statics is a visual analysis and calculation method to find the type and amount of internal forces in structures, which achieves this importance away from computational difficulties and only with a geometric approach focused on two reciprocal diagrams of form and force. In this paper, arched trusses based on Warren type are analyzed using graphic statics. For this purpose, the parametric model of form and force diagrams were programmed in the Grasshopper parametric plugin. Parametrization has also provided the ability to find and analyze any different types of free-form trusses based on the type of warren truss. To measure the validity of the method and the accuracy of the algorithm written in the Grasshopper add-on, the numerical results obtained from several samples of arched trusses under different loads have been compared with the finite element computational method. The results of the validation simulations indicate the high accuracy and speed of the proposed algorithm.

Explosion and fire on an offshore rig can lead to its minor or complete damage and sinking which means the loss of life or environmental pollution. Hence the use of techniques such as blast wall is crucial to reduce the detrimental effects. These blast walls are designed for explosion wave of length between 0.1 to 1 of load mainly to protect the personnel and critical sections. In this research, the behavior of an offshore platform jacket under blast wave 0.2 and 0.7 of load is studied with the blast wall thickness of 1,5 and 10 mm. The analysis is performed in both plastic and elastic aspects in which we need to consider the nonlinear geometrical and material properties.

In this paper apart from the study for a effect of structure in architecture in the past and present day architecture of Iran and the world, role of structure in architecture, & architectural design in the view of Architects and other thinkers is studied, and - the evaluation of teaching of Statics in Universities of Iran and in some accredited universities in foreign countries, - present difficulties for effective teaching (learning) of this lesson in Iran was considered. With industrial revolution and science becoming specialized subject, a division (gap) between the architecture and the structure is created. With this neither the Architect gained the knowledge of structure, nor the engineer (structural designer) benefited with the knowledge of architecture. In this several factors are involved., but teaching of static with similar method that are used for Civil Engineering will be much effective In other words, the teaching of statics by using empirical formulas and the topics had only theoretical aspects. This was the effective factor that didn't give any deep interest of learning, rather loosening the interest and looked coldly upon the subject. There was no appropriate. Methods of teaching structure in Colleges of Architecture in Iran. In this respect, research work for improvement in teaching of statics, in some of the accredited world universities is being carried out. There, they prepare models of the structure to the scale and test models in statics lab. Use of software and other computerized program appropriate for the field of architecture. This could be helpful in creating deep interest in learning static to the students of architecture. Therefore this paper presents two views. First - all that is considered as designing Le. Architectural designing, structural designing, Installation (mech & elec) etc. should be responsibility of the Architect. Second-It should be brought in notice of the Education section of the Architecture course: that acquaintance of theories and procedures of teaching at applied stage be made so that students be able to utilized taught instructions. The theories and procedures should include the appropriate methods and tools, all this with direct participation of students. Thus, having clear understanding and concept of static. Therefore, this research paper recommends that the utilization of nature (plants and living creatures) for teaching of basic STRUCTURAL CONCEPTS is effective. In this research the nature (animals and living creatures) is used as the basis for the static course as a method of learning for the students of architecture in Mazandaran University, Iran. This method is based on Bloom Learning method and includes: Analyses of nature, modeling from nature, Modeling without nature & testing the models. The statistic result shows the Learning power of the students of architecture is increasing and this method is acceptable to students, teachers and professional architects. In This research is a used research method: Causal, Descriptive & Comparative methods and are used methods of information collection: Literature search, Observation, Interview, Questionnaire & Analytic.

In this paper, the extended finite element method (XFEM) is employed to investigate the statics and vibration problems of cracked isotropic bars and beams. Three kinds of elements namely the standard, the blended and the enriched elements are utilized to discretize the structure and model cracks. Two techniques referred as the increase of the number of Gauss integration points and the rectangle sub-grid are applied to refine the integration within the blended and enriched elements of the beam in which the priority of the developed rectangle sub-grid technique is identified. The stiffness and the mass matrices of the beam are extended by considering the Heaviside and the crack tip functions. In a plane stress analysis, the effects of various crack positions and depths, different boundary conditions and other geometric parameters on the displacement and the stress contours are detected. Moreover, in a free vibration analysis, changes of the natural frequencies and the mode shapes due to the aforementioned effects are determined.

The beams are really useful for the large number of engineering structures. In this article, a simple robust beam element will be formulated. Other researchers utilized several theories such as Euler-Bernoulli, Timoshenko and higher order shear for analyzing of the beams. The proposed formulation will be written based on satisfying the equilibrium equation. Using the equilibrium equation reduces number of unknowns in addition to improving the efficiency of new element. the suggested element has only two nod and tow degrees of freedom per node. The third and second order polynomials will be used for vertical displacement and rotation fields, respectively. After calculating the matrix of shape functions, the governing equations of statics, free vibration and buckling analysis could be written. Finally, using the suggested element, static analysis, free vibration and buckling were performed on the several problems. To prove the efficiency of the new element, the large number of benchmark tests will be utilized. These numerical tests have various support conditions and different aspect ratios. By the help of these tests, rapid convergence and high accuracy of proposed element will be shown. The new element has high efficiency in all of the static, free vibration and buckling analysis for both of thin and thick beams beside of its simplicity. Good element answers of other researchers are be available to have better comparison.

The study of social phenomena dominating the society, due to its unique conditions, needs improving and pondering. Although, in the first view, simulating the social phenomena with the mechanical phenomena may be considered illogical due to the complication of social issues, the authors of this paper intend to simulate them through simplicity so that they will demonstrate a more vivid analysis via simpler and more tangible manifestation of social problems and their consequences. To achieve proper and authentic results, the concepts and the definitions of mechanics are borrowed and exerted for the strategy of the investigation, which is conformable with social concepts. It has been tried, based upon the hints of this paper, to review and investigate the country`s social problems by challenging the terms such as stress, fatigue, etc. from two points of view. The first step is to hint the static concepts and their negative consequences and damages, and next, while reviewing dynamic concepts, the dynamic difficulties and awkwardness of the society are explained.