Considering the fact that the existing approaches in determining the ultimate goals of the educational system are based on Islamic education, therefore, to explain this education and highlighting its potentials for promoting excellence are highly important in educational science research. The aim of this study is to explain the position of aesthetics and aesthetic perception in promoting sublimity and the realization of religious education. The research method is descriptive - analytical. The purpose of the analysis was to identify and pin down the relevant concepts and map the network of their relationships. For this purpose, first the concept of religiosity and religious education and its approaches were examined. Then, the concept of aesthetics and the nature of aesthetic perception and the theory associated with aesthetic perception and aesthetic education were introduced. Finally, the conceptual relationships peculiar to the special place of aesthetic sublimity in religious education were proposed and discussed. Results indicate that, based on the conceptual networks established between the components of religious education and those of aesthetics, the introduction of aesthetics components in the educative process could provide grounds for the enrichment of internal motivation, inner experience and moral obligation. Thus it seems that for the successful execution of religious education attention to aesthetics as an important part of axiology of education is a necessary condition over and above the art of pedagogy.

Background: Conjunctival nevi (CN) are common benign ocular tumors. Given their low risk of malignancy, surgical removal of nevi is primarily requested by patients. Herein, we introduce Atmospheric Low-temperature Plasma (ALTP) as a novel noninvasive method for the removal of CN. Methods: A clinical case series was conducted from 2020 to 2021 at the Vision Health Ophthalmic Center in Tehran, Iran. CN in one of the eyes of seven patients was treated. In all patients, the benignity of CN was confirmed by ocular oncologists. The white handpiece of the Plexr device, which generates plasma with the lowest output, was used to apply plasma spots on the evi. In addition, the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire was completed by all patients before and six months after the treatment. Results: In all patients, the nevi outside the limbus area completely disappeared. The mean size of pre-and postoperative nevi was 3. 89×11. 7 and 0. 54×1. 69 mm, respectively. Results of the OSDI questionnaire showed significantly lower scores after the surgery in all patients. Conclusion: The ALTP method is a simple, cost-effective, and office-based surgery to remove CN safely and effectively.

Polyester is one of the most important synthetic fibers extensively used in textile industry. Inkjet printing on polyester textile is performed either by direct or transfer approaches. The first method needs chemical surface treatment, while the latter uses transfer paper. In this article, direct sublimation inkjet printing (DSIP) on polyester textile has been studied to overcome the natural resource limitations and environmental problems by eliminating the need for transfer paper and chemical surface treatment. Polyester textile was surface treated using atmospheric-pressure plasma under air atmosphere. The effects of different factors including plasma speed, plasma power, and the number of treatments on the contact angle and K/S value have been investigated via experimental design method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflection-fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), and bleeding test showed that plasma power has the least effect on both K/S value and contact angle. The K/S values increased while the contact angle decreased by increasing the number of treatments and decreasing the plasma speed. Optical and scanning electron microscopy images also revealed that the treated textile using constant plasma power of 350 W, 60 plasma treatments and the plasma speed of 3 m/min showed the most printing thickness and the highest image resolution.

Freeze drying is a highly advanced dehydration technique used for preserving pharmaceuticals, human organs transplanted to others and highly heat sensitive food products. During the freeze drying, there are two layers formed namely dried region and frozen region. In this present work, a numerical model is developed to estimate the temperature distribution of both regions. The sample object considered is skimmed milk. The transient heat conduction equations are solved for both regions of dried and frozen region. The interface layer between the two region is considered as moving sublimation front as same as the realistic case. Radiative boundary condition at the top and convective boundary condition at the bottom are considered. The model has been solved by finite difference method and the scheme used is backward difference in time and central difference in space (implicit scheme), which generates set of finite difference equations forming a Tri-Diagonal Matrix. A computer program is developed in MATLAB to solve the tri-diagonal matrix. The temperature distribution along the length of the product with varying chamber pressures and the sublimation front temperature with time are estimated. The transient effect of sublimation front movement was estimated with different applied chamber pressure. It was noticed that at lower pressure the sublimation rate is very fast.

The product of the Molybdenum-99 purification process, obtained from Uranium-235 fission products, has a degree of purity of 90%-95%, which its present active and inactive impurities are destructive reducing the efficiency of 99mTc/99Mo generators. As an alternative to the common sublimation method, indirect sublimation could increase purity and reduce molybdenum loss. In this method, the molybdenum in the product will be absorbed by passing through the alumina column and then the dried absorbent will be sublimated. In the present study, the effective factors in molybdenum absorption such as the amount of adsorbent, and the volume and flow rate of the input solution and molybdenum were optimized. The final absorption efficiency reached 97-99%. This investigation is expected to be applied to molybdenum-99 production.

Psychoanalysis can be an approach for better understanding of literary works. In this approach, topics such as the conscious, the sub/preconscious, and the unconscious are of great importance, because literary works are important manifestations of the unconscious, including the suppressed desires or repression that have come to pass over to ego and take place there as time passes. The artist who is the poet here, sublimating his desires by using artistic tricks and figures of speech, and is trying to represent them in his/her literary works in a way that even the reader will experience the same pleasure, and that is why all works of art, especially literary works, are a very good platform for psychoanalytic criticism. In this descriptive analytical study, a brief description of the five categories of psychoanalysis, namely masochism, sadism, voyeurism, homosexuality and fetishism is assumed, and then their implicit and explicit applications in Saadi’ s sonnets is extracted and classified. It is concluded that, first of all, Saadi was represented them in his sonnets with relatively high frequencies and second of all by using poetic artistry and rhetorical tricks he has tried to recite and sublimate them in the best possible way. So sublimating can be named as one of the important factors in creating pleasure by reading Saadi’ s poems.

Tolerance in political jargon means toleration and acceptance of the other as well as acceptance of unacceptable issues and a kind of lenience and lack of confrontation with the viewpoints and beliefs of individuals and socio-political schools of thought. This approach is philosophically a rational issue, for it is based on a perception of priorities and self-restraint. From intra-religious perspective, it is an ethical virtue, whose aim is self-restraint and sublimation in individual field and preparation of a suitable ground for the growth of different individuals in the society. In this approach, tolerance and lenience do not stem from indifference or self-weakness, rather it is a rational behavior which leads to actualization of humanity of man and also realization of an ideal human society. Hence, acquisition of this attribute in individual field as well as its proper and rational implementation in civil society requires understanding of its limits, expanses and conditions. In the political and social field, Western thinkers have extensive discussions in support or rejection of tolerance. They maintain that the essence of the idea of tolerance has emerged from the intra-religious arguments and tries to defend religious tolerance. The present article is an attempt to review the ideas of Western thinkers as well as the history of tolerance and then the factors, principles, necessity and impacts of tolerance in sublimation of individual and society are discussed from the viewpoint of Imam Khomeini.

In the study of sonnet sequence as a genre, invented by Italian Renaissance sonneteers and practiced up to the seventeenth century, we find out that Petrarch has not only been the most influential figure who established the elements of the convention but he also seems to have become an integral part of the sonnet convention. Petrarchan elements such as the idealized images of the beloved, the theme of sublimation, and the tone of lamentation receive a totally different treatment in Donne’s Songs and Sonnets that is far from the spirit of Petrarch’s poetry. As a metaphysical poet, Donne uses these elements either in a mocking tone to question the purity of love or with a serious attitude to reflect the paradoxical nature of love. The objective of this paper is to elaborate briefly on the Petrarchan elements and then discuss Donne’s violation of such a convention.