Suburbanization is one of the fundamental components of 20th century urbanization. Suburbanization is the result of deconcentration which started in the late 1880s. Nonetheless, the expansion pattern has different forms, affected by different stages of urban development and factors. Urban form and structure is the result of numerous factors like economic, social, political, cultural etc.This paper reviews the basic theories explaining the urban expansion event and predicts its future pattern.

The present research was conducted to examine the effect of suburbanization on occurrence of social crime in 2007 in Kermanshah city. The city suffers from various economic, cultural and social problems such as unemployment rate of 23%, inflation, ethnic prejudice, and 346 km of common border with Iraq. The question here is "did suburbanization have any impacts on the occurrence of social crime in Kermanshah city in 2007?" The major aim of the present research was examining and recognizing suburbanization impact rate on the occurrence of social crimes - theft, holding unauthorized weapons and ammunition, drinking liqueur, etc. - in Kermanshah city in 2007. The research conducted through descriptive survey method. The subjects included the province disciplinary experts, all the commanders of local police stations, commanders of criminal investigation departments (CIDs) and all the commanders of Kermanshah district police stations (N=71). The research questionnaire developed while interviewing disciplinary experts active now and the retired ones, experts active in professional faculties of IRIPolice University, and coordinating with the esteemed university professors (a=0.954) The resulted data has been analyzed through using SPSS and single sample T test. The results of the analyzed data indicate that suburbanization has significant impact- 4.32 - on social crimes occurrence with 0.000 significant levels and compared with 0.005 acceptable errors.

This research is functional, purpose wise and descriptive (correlation), method wise. The statistical population includes all teachers, professionals and executives in management, social sciences and culture. In this study, random sampling was used and a number of 200 questionnaires were distributed among the samples in this study.157 questionnaires were fully completed and returned to the researcher. The data collection tools in this study have been questionnaires. The questionnaires were prepared in two parts of: a) individual characteristics and b) 24 questions. According to opinions of experts, the weak economic structure is the most important components and in the first position, poor planning and urban management system in the second, lack of government support and guidance is in third place, political events in fourth place, natural disasters in fifth place and social events at sixth place influence the development of suburbanization in Tehran Metropolis.

Background and Objectives: Referring to the research literature on the relationship between suburbanization and crime shows an association between them. However, the question remains that why some suburban areas suffer a higher rate of crime? The purpose of this paper is to answer this question from the review of two suburban areas of Mashhad, Khaje Rabi (with high crime rates) and Golshahr (with lower crime rates).Methodology: This research was first used structural analysis method to compare the two regions of Golshahr and Khwaja Rabih in Mashhad. Then, using the qualitative method and the method of case study, investigated the causes of the lower crime rate in the Golshahr region.Findings and Conclusion: The findings of the structural analysis of the two regions indicate that social disorganization cannot be accountable for the difference in the level of crime in the two regions. Also, the results of the qualitative method showed that the most important reason for the reduction of crime in Golshahr relative to Khoja Rabieh is the high number of Afghans in Golshahr. According to the research findings, the combination of internal control strategies, rational selection and external control can be the most effective in reducing crime rates.

Over the years, suburban and vulnerable region of Neka has been a neighborhood of gypsies. Due to its geographical situation and shortage of facilities, and various problems such as cultural and hygienic weak points, addiction and unemployment, poor individual and social health conditions, and anomalous constructions, all together has led the neighborhood to face a critical situation. The present research aims at looking into the societal pathology of Abassabad Neka suburban region and offering some practical solutions. The research is of descriptive type and the under-survey community includes all the inhabitants of Neka. Six hundred people from different classes of society living in Abassabad including university officials and graduates were randomly selected to answer the first especial question, and the citizens and shop owners were randomly selected to answer the fourth and the fifth question. The required information is collected through library method, questionnaire and interview, and its validity was tested through getting the view points of experts, in addition reliability of 0.8.2 was assessed through its trial implementation on 30 individuals. The data is analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistical method (x2). The results of the research indicate that Neka citizens do not have a positive view about those who line in Abassabad. The area does not enjoy high level social and hygienic facilities, and taking into consideration the population of the area, a significant number of people over there drink alcoholic drinks; meanwhile, social factors strongly impact the status of drugs and alcoholic drinks consumption and other sorts of societal damages. It is worth mentioning that shortage of facilities has led to many problems for those who live in Abassabad neighborhood.

The purpose of this article is “The study of important factors in suburbanization problem and its social consequences on Ahvaz city”.The method of this research is a kind of survey and the sampling method is multi-stage cluster. The statistical population includes suburbanites of Ahvaz city more than 120,000 cases in 2004 and the sample size was chosen 384 cases that the questionnaire of the hypotheses designed and accomplished. The results of this research indicated that migration from rural and urban areas to Ahvaz city is the most important factors of creation and extension of suburban areas that is under effects of economical and social-cultural counteracting of previous residence and economical and social-cultural attractions of city. In the case of social consequences, it was also indicated that there is a relation between the intensity of suburbanization and the increase in relative deprivation that finally causes the dominance of poverty culture in this suburban areas.

This survey tries to pay attention to different economic and social and political aspects of the subject and to deal with it in a new concept. This research was done in survey method. In variant hypothesis, suburbanization were chosen as dependent variable and unemphoyement job, poverty, migration, cheap house and grand were chosen as independent variables. The data of these hypothesis have been analyzed by spss software in unparametric method and the coefficients of chisquar to test the hypothesis. This research shows a relation between suburbanization and economic and migration, but not with unemployement job.

The main purpose of this study was examining the ways of making assets productive in suburban areas with the facilitation of municipalities that are responsible for city administration. So, the implications of empowerment, microcredit, tenure security and formalization of assets were studied in Farahzad neiborhood as a case study. The data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS and SWOT analysis to develop strategies, policies, and executive actions. The findings showed that informal settlements, low skills, and informal employment are the main obstacles of making residents’ assets productive in suburban areas. Therefore, the following solutions are suggested: 99-year endowment of land; The development of various businesses with the priority of restaurants and entertainment centers, considering that there are suitable conditions for tourism in the neighborhood; Creating sales support markets due to the existence of urban land for the development and support of professional businesses; Using the potential of charitable institutions, NGOs, and local institutions for training jobs, forming job cooperatives; Building trust and raising awareness about micro-lending processes; Renting on the condition of acquiring business equipment to remove the threat of misuse of microloans. The necessity of the role of the municipalities as facilitating institutions is that on the one hand this institution lacks enough financial ability for maximum intervention, and on the other hand, new approaches see top-down intervention of public institutions as incorrect solution and the socio-economic participation of the resident’s necessary for the regeneration and empowerment.

Inefficient urban contexts, including suburbanization and the issues and problems associated with them, have emerged as one of the major challenges of the country's urban planning and management system in recent decades. Lack of attraction of marginalized people in the economic and social system of the city causes these people to be expelled to informal areas that are prone to various crimes and delinquencies.One of the objectives of this study is to investigate the relationship between the place of residence of citizens in the suburbs of Yasuj and the increase in crime in these settlements.The present research is descriptive-inferential in nature and scholarly (developmental-applied) in terms of research purpose. The spatial framework of the research and the statistical population include the population of Yasuj (134532 people) and the surrounding settlements including Madavan Sofla, Belhazar and Mehrian (19908 people) (Statistical Center of Iran, 2016). 383 people, random sampling method, data collection tool for criminals who have committed urban crimes in this geographical area, was done through a questionnaire and obtaining information from relevant agencies. In order to validate the research questionnaire, the opinions of consulting professors and supervisors and to assess the reliability of the survey work, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used. Findings show that there is a significant relationship between the residence of citizens in the suburbs of Yasuj and the increase in crime in these settlements and migration, poverty culture, inadequate urban infrastructure, psychological and social damage, family differences and honor in the rate of crime.They are effective cities.

This research investigates the formation and development of new suburbanization in Tehran metropolis from the Islamic revolution up to present time and deals with the factors stemming from the social fabrics of the Iranian society which have taken a structural form over time. Studying valid documents and observation in the form of methods such as reviewing documents, field studies, survey method, and data collection techniques including: note taking, questionnaire and interviews listed the following as the reasons for the new suburbanization in Hesarak, where is located in District 6 of Tehran:1. Unemployment, 2. Lack of sufficient income, 3. Lack of welfare, educational and cultural facilities, 4. Low cost of land, 5. Low rent of house. In fact, in Hesarak neighborhood, economic and cultural repulsions and yet economic, social and cultural attractions have had a key role in the formation and development of this phenomenon; however, the social repulsion has had a minor role in this regard. So, considering the following guidelines, some problems of people living in Hesarak can be solved to some extent.1. Improving the literacy level of the residents, 2. Increasing the financial ability of the people and creating jobs, 3. Paying more attention to local and district plans, 4. Increasing people participation in social institutions in the neighborhood, 5. Constructing cultural, sports, entertainment, and health spaces.