This Study was performed to evaluate the effect of atenolol on the serum concentration of TT4 and TT3 in subclinical hyperthyroid patients. Due to them i n s u efficient information about the effect of atenolol on serum level of these hormones, the aim of this research was to shade some light on the subject. Fifteen subclinical hyperthyroid patients entered this study. Each patient received 100 mg/day atenolol. The serum concentration of atenolol, TT4 and TT3 were measured before starting the administration of the drug and on the first, third and seventh day after atenolol administration was started. The serum concentrations of TT4, but not TT3, on the third and seventh day were increased significantly in comparison to the baseline TT4. There was no correlation between plasma atenolol concentration and changes in TT4 and TT3.

Radio Immune Assay (RIA) is an extremely sensitive in vitro assay technique to measure concentrations of antigen viz. hormones in biological fluids using antibodies. The present study reports the status of total triiodothyronine (TT3) and total thyroxine (TT4) in Trypanosoma evansi infection in a dog, year 2022. An adult, non-descript, male dog was referred to the Department of Veterinary Nuclear Medicine, Mumbai Veterinary College, (MAFSU), Parel, Mumbai (India) with a history of inappetence, weakness, and ataxia of the hind limbs. Inspection revealed cachexia, anemia, bedsores, and mild mucopurulent ocular and nasal discharge. Clinical examination revealed pyrexia, polypnoea and tachycardia. There was an enlargement of popliteal, prescapular, and submandibular lymph nodes. The blood smear examination revealed severe infection of extracellular T. evansi. Laboratory investigations showed an altered haemato-biochemical profile. RIA-enabled thyroid hormone profile revealed a reduced concentration of TT3 (0. 57 nmol/l) and TT4 (22. 52 nmol/l). The present study reports a reduction in the concentration of TT3 and TT4 in a dog suffering from trypanosomiasis. The drop in TT4 concentration was within the normal limit, this could be a cause for the non-appearance of usual clinical symptoms of hypothyroidism in the present case.

There is relatively a lack of information about effect of atenolol on thyroid hormones. There are many studies and reports in the literature about properties of propranolol that increases TT4 (Total T4) and decreases TT3 (Total T3). This study was designed to asses' effect of atenolol on plasma TT4 and TT3 in 15 subclinical hyperthyroid patients. Plasma concentration of TT4, TT3 and atenolol were determined in 3 different times after starting the use of atenolol (100 mg/d). The plasma concerntration of TT4, TT3 and atenolol on first, third and seventh days after starting of drug administration was determined. Statistical evaluation of the measured concentration showed that TT4 in third and seventh day compared to the base TT4 had increased significantly (P=0.05, P=0.001). The same measurement was done with TT3 but the results were not statistically significant. In this study it was revealed that there is no correlation between the atonolol plasma concentration and TT4 or TT3 concentration.

This study aimed to reduce TiO2 crowding through steric hindrance by grafting 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) onto the pigment surface. This was achieved using various TiO2/MPS mass ratios in dispersion formulations and characterized by FTIR and TGA analyses. Characterizations revealed the most efficient grafting for the TiO2/MPS ratio of 100/10 (labeled TT3). An optimum particle size of 250-350 nm for opacity was obtained after 30 minutes of TT3 dispersion, resulting in the maximum number density of 47.45 % within this size range. The TT3 dispersion demonstrated high lightness and opacity, with minimal changes in surface properties compared to untreated and other MPS-grafted TiO2 dispersions, suggesting its advantageous use. The impact of pigment volume concentration (PVC) on pigment spacing was examined using topcoats with PVC levels of 7, 11, and 13 %, incorporating TT3 and untreated TiO2 dispersions. The lightness and opacity results indicated that lower PVC levels allowed wider spacing between pigment particles in dry films. Additionally, untreated TiO2 pigments exhibited increased crowding at equivalent PVC levels compared to the TT3 dispersion, while a rise in PVC did not diminish opacity or lightness in dry films with TT3, highlighting the even pigment distribution. Notably, dry films of the topcoats with TT3 or untreated pigment dispersions revealed that the TT3-containing topcoat at 30 µm for a given PVC exhibited almost identical properties to those of the topcoat containing untreated TiO2 dispersion at 55 µm. Thus, MPS grafting facilitated reduced pigment usage in paint formulations and lower paint consumption per unit area, decreasing volatile organic compound emissions.

Introduction: The liver played an important role in the metabolism of thyroid hormones and was involved in their conjugation, excretion and peripheral deiodination in synthesizing Thyroid Binding Globulin (TBG). Thus liver dysfunction can be influenced thyroid function. Objective: Determine the changes of thyroid functional tests in patients with liver cirrhosis due to hepatitis B and C and correlation of thyroid hormone levels with severity of liver dysfunction. Materials and Methods: Sixty Four Cirrhotic patients due to hepatitis B and C referring to Razi hospital were studied during 2007-2009 years. Data were collected by prepared questionnaire. Thyroid hormone levels were measured in a unit laboratory. Liver dysfunction was scored by MELD and child pugh scoring systems. Mann-Whitney U, chi square and kruskal wallis test were used for measuring severity of liver dysfunction. Results: Among 64 patients, (42 patients were male and 22 patients were female). Mean age of patients was 55.03±12.05. Level of TT3 TT4 and FT3 had decreased in the majority of patients, TT3, TT4 and FT3 levels. There was a correlation between level of TT3 and severity of liver dysfunction base on Child score (p=0.0001) and MELD (p=0.02).There was a reciprocal correlation between TT3 level and probability of the history of digestive systems bleedings, Ascites and encephalopathy (P=0.01, P=0.011, P=0.009) .It means that when TT3 level was low probability of this complication was high. Conclusion: This study showed that liver disease is accompanied by changes in thyroid hormone levels specially decrease the level of TT3, TT4, FT3 and it is indicated that TT3 level can be used as liver function index in cirrhotic patients due to hepatitis B and C.

Hypercholesterolemia is one of the major risk factors for Cronary Heart Disease (CHD). Plasma cholesterol concentration is increased in hypothyroidism, which can be reduced to normal by L-thyroxine treatment. In this study, 1905 out of 5165 male and female subjects who were checked up for plasma lipids were found to be with high plasma cholesterol and / or triglycerid: From these, 100 subjects were selected for further investigation. Serum lipids were measured by enzymatic methods and TSH and thyroid hormones were measured by routine RIA laboratory techniques. Results: Out of 100 hyperchlosterolemic and / or hypercholesterolemic + hypertriglyceridemic subjects, 17 were biochemically hypothyroid and 83 were euthyroid. The correlation between high plasma TSH and HC (r=+ 0.63, P<0.0005) and between TSH and hypertriglycridemia (HT) (r=+ 0.59, P<0.0005) were - statistically significant. The correlation between low plasma TT4 with HC and HT also was significant (r=- 0.79, P<0.0005 and r=-0.39, P<0.0005 respectively). Decrease in TT3 concentration and HC (r=- 0.78, P<0.0005) as well as TT3 concentration and HT (r=-0.45, P<0:0005) were also significant. In hypothyroid group, the correlation between high plasma TSH with HC and also HT were significant. The correlation between low TT4 with HC and HT was also significant. The correlation between low TT3 with HC and HT also was statistically significant. The increase in plasma TSH or decrease in-TT4 and/or TT3 also was quantitatively correlated with HC and with HT.      

Introduction: Chronic renal failure is associated with certain abnormalities in thyroid function. There is a paucity of information on thyroid function after renal transplantation. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare results of thyroid function tests in patients with chronic renal failure, before and after renal transplantation. Materials and Methods: We designed a case-control study; the case group consisted of 30 patients, with no thyroid dysfunction, under dialysis, selected for renal transplantation. The control group had 40 healthy individuals, without any thyroid abnormality. Serum levels of thyroid related hormones including FT4, TT4, FT3 ,TT3 and TSH were measured using commercially available radioimmunoassay (RIA) kits. After renal transplantation, patients that had been treated with Cyclosporine, Prednisolone and Azathioprine, were divided into two subgroups based on their serum levels of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine and kidney function: patients with primary graft function (group I) and patients with delayed graft function (group II). Thyroid function tests were evaluated 10 and 30 days after transplantation. Results: In hemodialyzed patients, the mean levels of measured thyroid function tests were within normal range but when compared with controls, mean levels of thyroid hormones were low and no changes were observed in TSH levels. Ten days after graft, reduction in the serum levels of thyroid hormones and TSH were seen in both the groups. There were more alterations in group II than in group I. On the 30th day following the transplant, the changes in group I returned to normal levels and compared to those seen before the operation showed a marked improvement; when compared, however, to those of the controls, the levels of FT3, TT3, TT4 were still low. In group II, the TT3 levels were below normal and in comparison to those prior to the operation, reduction in the levels of TT4, TT3 and FT4 were observed. Conclusion: It is concluded that there is a possible relationship between the levels of thyroid hormones and renal function following transplantation.

Background: There is a paucity of research investigating the changes in thyroid hormones in individuals affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the levels of thyroid hormones in individuals affected by COVID-19 infection in Ahvaz, Iran. Methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional study on 78 patients with COVID-19 infection and 80 individuals without infection. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (TT3), and tetraiodothyronine (TT4) were measured in hospitalized patients at baseline and one month after recovery and in participants without infection. The data were analyzed using a paired t-test, the Chi-square test, the Wilcoxon test, and the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results: The level of TSH at baseline in the hospitalized patients was significantly lower than that in the control group (1. 24 ± 1. 08 vs. 2. 05 ± 1. 02 mlU/L, respectively, P < 0. 0001). The mean level of TT3 was 1. 20 ± 0. 24 and 1. 28 ± 1. 25 ng/dL in the case and control groups, respectively (P = 0. 188). The level of TT4 in the case group was high at baseline in comparison to the control group (8. 48 ± 2. 27 vs. 7. 76 ± 1. 43 ng/dL, P = 0. 076), which was reduced in the follow-up period. Thirty-five (44. 8%) patients had severe disease and were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). The level of TSH was non-significantly lower in patients with severe disease than those with moderate disease. Conclusions: Patients with COVID-19 infection showed abnormalities in thyroid hormones, such as decreased levels of TSH and TT3. Patients with severe COVID-19 showed lower levels of TSH and unchanged levels of TT3 and TT4 in comparison to the patients with moderate disease. Further investigation into thyroid function in patients with COVID-19 is recommended.