Cone snails of the genus Conus are one of the most toxic species of carnivorous marine invertebrates in tropical and subtropical areas. They are highly regarded, due to their medicinal compounds, which derived from their toxins. In order to examine the venom apparatus structure, 12 specimens of C. textile were collected from the coastal zone of Gheshm Island and then they fixed in Bouin's for 48 hours and transferred to laboratory in ethanol. After breaking of shellfish, the venom apparatus were isolated and their different parts (after molding and cutting) were stained by HE and HEG and photographed by Nikon microscope. The stereomicroscope observation showed that the venom apparatus was included: (1) toxin production part (venom duct), (2) toxin transmission part (venom bulb), and (3) injection part (radula and proposcis). Photographs of sections showed that the venom bulb was completely muscular, consisting of longitudinal and transverse muscle fibers, and in their middle part a channel with epithelial cells was observed. Venom duct walls composed of 3 parts including the outer layer of muscle an inner layer of columnar epithelial cells with basal nucleus and the inner lumens which filled by the granules.HEG stained slides showed a much sharper cytoplasmic and nuclear implementation, particularly granules containing toxins were easily countable and measurable. Although the conventional HE staining method clearly showed different parts of the gland, but HEG method in addition to distinguishing different sections of tissue, seemed to be a suitable technique for studying the role of different parts of the organ in producing conotoxin in the form of secretory granules.

This study was conducted to determine the future of textile industry of Qom. This is an applied and a survey research of descriptive groups, in terms of objective and data collection method, respectively. The statistical population is from textile industry experts and snowball sampling method was used to make a sample. Questionnaire was applied to collect the data. Scenario analysis method was employed to analyze the data for this study. To develop plausible scenarios, the techniques of crisis uncertainty would be used. The nature of the questions is considered based on the uncertainties in the field of textile industry in the country that have two limit states and there is uncertainty on the occurrence of one of these two. In order to analyze the questionnaires and use the results in writing scenarios, 3 indicators of specialty, consensus and significance were used. According to the indicators of consensus and the significance, two states of the "purchasing power by people" and "trade liberalization and the removal of tariffs" were selected. Due to both of uncertainties, four scenarios were developed, including textile of smiling, hope to grow, multi-stratified cemetery and window of life.

Among the conventional methods for treatment of colored textile waste, the electrochemical technique seems to be the most powerful, simple and economic. In this method a direct current is applied to an electrochemica cell containing coloted waste and due to the passage of current oxidation and reduction reactions is caused the destruction of the dyestuff and removal of the color from the solution.                                                                                                                    In present research dyebath solution containing direct, dispers, acidic, reactive dyes and mixture of those were treated and %90 of color removal and %60 reduction on COD of the solution sere achieved. The parameters such as time, current, voltage, type and surface area of the electrode, pH, electrolyte on the pert of the cell were examined and their role on  the efficiency of the method were clarified.                                       The spectroscopic studies showed that the dye material was reduced to simple components.

Background and Objectives: Synthetic dyes, widely used in the textile industry, are the major water contaminants. Bacterial degradation is an eco-friendly, cost- effective, highly efficient approach. Unfortunately, some of these toxic wastewaters are discharged into the environment without proper treatment, which results in environmental pollution. Today, the available water for use in industrial activities, agriculture, etc. is decreasing. By treating the wastewater of textile factories, the purified water can be returned to the production cycle. Microorganisms such as bacteria, filamentous fungi, yeasts and algae are able to decolorize azo dyes, but so far there has been no complete report on decolorization by facultative thermophilic bacteria. Facultative thermophiles are those that can grow at high temperatures as well as at relatively lower temperatures, e.g., below 50 °C. Methodology: To isolate dye-degrading bacteria, wastewater samples were collected from different parts of a textile wastewater treatment plant located in Kashan, Iran. The different media such as tryptic soy broth (TSB), modified M9 minimal salts medium, was used to enrich the bacteria in textile wastewater. The enriched samples were used for the isolation and purification of textile azo dyes degrading bacteria as a pure culture on TSA and wastewater agar (WA) plates under aerobic conditions. In this study, the strains of facultative thermophile bacteria that can effectively degrade azo dyes were successfully isolated in the M9 media (53°C). The amount of decolorization activity of isolated bacteria was determined by using the modified M9 medium containing 150 mg l-1 using the commonly used dyes Rimazol Black 5, Reactive Red 198, Reactive Blue 21, and Reactive Yellow 15.Optimization of decolorization conditions in selected bacteria was done using Minitab 14 software and Response Surface Methodology (RSM). These experiments were conducted in order to investigate the factors of temperature, salt concentration, inoculation, color concentration, pH, and time at different levels. The identification of the selected SN7 bacterial strain was done through 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and conventional biochemical tests and was registered in Iran's Industrial Microorganism Collection Center (PTCC).Findings: The conditions for the proliferation and enrichment of dye-degrading bacteria in textile wastewater were provided through the enrichment method using TSB culture medium containing Rimazol Black and modified M9 medium containing Rimazol Black. The 47 dye degrading bacterial strains were isolated by using culture medium containing of Remazol black 12 strains of facultative thermophilic bacteria that degrade dyes in textile waste were obtained by investigating the ability of the isolated bacteria to grow at 53°C. The ability of bacteria to decolorize azo dyes was 22 to 71.5% at 48 ° C for 72 h. Among the isolated bacteria, two strains SN7 and SN10 had the most decolorization and the decolorization rate of each at 48°C after three days of incubation was 71.5% and 70% respectively. The SN7 strain was used to further investigate the dye degradation due to the ability of the SN7 strain to grow well in the medium containing the dye as well as its ability to remove it in a shorter period of time. Analysis of the 16S gene sequence of SN7 strain shows 93.99% similarity with Bacillus paralicheniformis Bac84. Therefore, this strain was named Bacillus paralisniformis SN7 and was registered with PTCC number 1907 in the Culture Collection for Research and Industrial microorganisms of Iran. The strains Bacillus paralicheniformis SN7 was chosen and was used for further characterization. B. paralicheniformis SN7 was capable of degrading reactive dyes such as of Remazol black 5, Reactive Red 198, Reactive Blue 21 and Reactive Yellow 15. The ability of this bacterium to decolorize Remazol Black 5, Reactive Red 198, Reactive Blue 21, and Reactive Yellow 15 was 71.5, 75.6, 72.2, 76.2% respectively. The optimum concentration of dye, pH, and temperature as analyzed by RSM were found to be 50 mg/l, 7, and 45°C, respectively, for decolorization Remazol black (71.5%). Conclusion: Among the isolated bacteria, facultative thermophilic strains were isolated and B. paraliceniformis SN7 has the ability to decompose dyes. Degradation of azo dyes, unlike surface adsorption, is of considerable importance as a desirable method because the dye is completely degraded by microbial enzymes.Some microorganisms can use dye compounds as their source of carbon and energy. Complete biological decolorization has also been observed in anoxic and anaerobic conditions. Under anoxic conditions, decolorization was higher compared to aerobic conditions when the bacteria were cultured under aerobic conditions and then under anoxic conditions. Sequential of two stages under aerobic and anoxic conditions has been proposed for decolorization of azo dye-containing wastewaters. Anoxic conditions do not contain molecular oxygen and may contain nitrate or nitrite.

In recent decades, the textile industry, one of the major industries in Iran, has faced increasing challenges. These challenges are mainly due to unequal competition of internal firms with imported products, obsolescent machineries, lack of sufficient investment and etc. Use of advanced countries’ experiences in this regard as well as providing required facilities has been the major solutions for solving such a problem. In this research, the factors influencing export activities in textile industry was identified. Then, the opinions of Yazd textile industry managers have been gathered using questionnaires and analyzed through t-student test. The results show that all identified factors are influential. Next, pair-wise comparison questionnaires of both main and secondary factors have been distributed among managers. Analyzing the gathered data with AHP technique resulted in the weighting of main factor. The secondary factors were ranked using TOPSIS technique. The findings indicate that the qualities of products as well as strategic direction of firms for developing in global markets are among the most important factors affecting on textile industry exports.

In countries like Ethiopia, the textile industries are facing a big problem of sound noise pollution. In these countries, the industrial hearing conservation program is not yet clearly developed. Thus, characterizing excessive noise pollutions in textile industries have been the aim of this research project and Kombolcha Textile Mill (KTM) is chosen as the case study. The study is concerned with noise exposure and its characteristics at the different section of the textile mill. Before the actual excessive noise level measurements are collected in the textile mill, the main areas where measurements are done have to be identified. This is done by prior physical observation and A-Weighted time-averaged sound pressure levels (L_Aeq) survey. More than one hundred walkthrough measurement points are done inside the textile mill. These data are analyzed using MATLAB software packages. Based on our analysis, the spinning and the weaving sections of the mills with its unit processes are identified as potential noise pollution in the factory. On these sections, the measurements are done for 4– 5 h/d. The instrument used for measurements is a precision integrated portable professional sound level meter. The findings reveal that the KTM employees work in hazardous environments above 90 dB, which is the recommended safe limit of noise in the working environment for 8 h used in international standard. As a result, engineering and administration programs which include different methods of how to control the problem has been recommended for conserving hearing at the KTM.