One of the most important problems and issues facing crime detection units in their missions which sometimes put the staff of these units in harma’ s way is lack of information superiority of these units in terms of crime tracing and detection facing them. To identify this problem and utilize solutions and take preventive security measures, it is necessary to conduct such research in ths regard. Therefore; the general objective of this research is to investigate the role of information superiority in crime tracing and detection in NAJA crime tracing units and to present preventive solutions. The present research is of applied type from type and objective perspectives and it with a qualitative approach. The study society includes specialized police staff as law enforcement agents in NAJA crime tracing units regarding the research subject. Using purposeful and hypothetical sampling, 20 persons were selected as samples and the process of sampling conitued till achieving hypothetical saturation. The tools used to collect data were presented with deep interview technique with the said people regarding identification, discovery and proving of crimes and finally arresting criminals. The findings show that information superiority is considered as one of the fundamental and necessary requirements of success in NAJA crime tracing units in the fields of crime detection and tracing and it can help these units in crime tracing measures such as identification, discovery, proving of crime and finally arresting professional criminals and gangs in police missions. Using committed and skilled human resources, having appropriate equipment and technology, informatns and sources at information spots, obtaining information about crimes and criminals, having data banks and finally preparing mission requirements in establishing information superiority are all very effective. In regards to the effective role of information superiority in identification, discovery and proving of crimes and arresting criminals, obtaining effective factors, eliminating the problems of crime tracing units are all emphasized for the success of police.

In order to attribute moral responsibility to an agent for a particular action, several conditions must be present. These conditions include knowledge, awareness, intention, ability, and ultimately, the presence of free will. Nevertheless, there are instances where even if an agent initially appears to lack certain conditions, we still attribute responsibility to them for the resulting action. This is because we can trace the conditions of moral responsibility back in time to verify their fulfillment in the past. By employing an analytical approach, This article aims to explore moral responsibility in the context of different forms of moral self-deception. I contend that in cases of moral self-deception, when an agent deliberately chooses to ignore their prior inclinations and allows their motivational bias to influence their desired beliefs, the element of intention can be discerned in their self-deceptive actions. As a result, the agent can be held morally responsible.