In this paper, Ultrasonic assisted cutting (UAT) process has been investigated. The cutting technique is among the advanced machining techniques which improve cutting capability of materials. Vibratory tool is made under longitudinal mode with 10 micron amplitude and 20 KHz frequency, in such a way that vibration is applied in cutting speed direction. Experiment carried out on Al7075; using ultrasonic assisted Turning has lead to reduction in the cutting force, versus traditional cutting process. Moreover, further experiments were done aiming at investigating effective parameters in UAT machining process on Al7075 parts. These parameters include cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut, and vibration amplitude. Statistical analysis on the experiment results were carried out, and different mathematical models for forecasting cutting force and optimizing machining parameters are presented in order to achieve minimum cutting force. At the end, cutting forces were compared for two machining processes namely ultrasonic assisted cutting (UAT) process, and traditional machining.

On the one hand, patients, therapists, policy-makers, business people, and health organization managers need to approach medicine from different perspectives, each perspective being appropriate for each role. On the other hand, a lack of appreciation of the perspectives of the other vested interests diminishes their effectiveness in accomplishing what their respective roles demand. In this article, we explain the main difference between these perspectives along a spectrum ranging from highly individualist to highly collectivist views of medicine. We aim to show the gap between personal (individualistic) and social (collectivist) medicine models. We then present possible ways to close this gap. We argue that these differences need to be reconciled, at least to some extent, if medicine is to evolve along with other disciplines, such as engineering, to create and implement personalized solutions to patients' pains. We conclude by proposing a framework through which patients, practitioners, health organizations, business people, and policy-makers can develop enough of a mutual understanding of each other's perspectives, problems, and solution orientations to be able to work relatively harmoniously toward the common goal of creating bespoke solutions to individuals' pains.

Chatter or self-excited violent relative dynamic motion between the cutting tool and the workpiece is an undesirable phenomenon in machining due to its destructive effects on the product surface quality, machining accuracy, cutting tool life and machine tool life. Because of these reason, there is a need for in-process detection methods to predict and avoid chatter vibration during machining processes. In this work, Chatter detection in Turning process is performed based on analysis of feed marks in surface texture of work piece using image processing techniques. In order to validate the proposed vision based method an accelerometer was attached to the shank of cutting tool for measuring vibrations.

Recently, Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks contribute to a large fraction of the Internet backbone traffic. Consequently, misusing such networks for malicious purposes is a potential side effect. In this review article, we investigate different techniques of misusing P2P overlay networks to launch large-scale next-generation Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. In particular, we investigate representative systems of the structured (Overnet), unstructured (Gnutella) and hybrid (BitTorrent) P2P overlay networks. Real world experiments indicate the high performance, difficulty in detection and tracking, and the low cost of launching such attacks.

Two periods are of special prominence in the history of the interpretation of the Quran. This article deals with the interpretation features of these periods and compares them. One of these periods is the time when interpretation found its way into the realm of science in the 4th and 5th centuries, and another is the period of transformation of the science of interpretation in the 14th and 15th centuries. Here, we attempt to explicate the interpretation approaches, interpretation methods, the instruments employed by the interpreters, and the requirements and the motives leading them towards these approaches and methods in both periods and examine the differences between the two periods.