Background: Asthma is a heterogeneous disease whose inflammatory processes are involved in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction, and increases the prevalence of cardiovascular disease. This study was designed to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of interval training on some of the effective factors in atherosclerosis in heart tissue of asthmatic rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 15 rats were randomly divided into three groups of sham, asthma, and asthmatic-interval training. The model of asthma was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 1 ml ovalbumin for 2 weeks, and then asthmatic-interval training rats for 8 weeks participated in interval training. During the training protocol period, twice weekly intraperitoneal injections of ovalbumin 1 ml, and were placed into a glass container exposed to 5% ovalbumin spray. 48 hours after the last training session, the rats were anesthetized and their hearts were ejected. The levels of proteins expression of ICAM, VCAM, and galectin-3 were measured by immunohistochemistry, and western blotting, respectively. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA in SPSS at the significant level α =0. 05. Results: The results of this study showed that the expression of ICAM (P=0. 001), VCAM (P=0. 001), and galectin-3 (P=0. 001) was significantly increased in heart tissue of asthma rats. Whereas, interval training decreased the expression of ICAM (P=0. 001), VCAM (P=0. 001), and galectin-3 (P=0. 01) proteins in the asthmatic-interval training group compared to the asthma group. Conclusions: It seems that, interval training is effective in preventing atherosclerosis in patients with asthma.

Background: Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the world. Vascular inflammation is the noticeable risk factors of ischemic heart disease. In this study the relation between intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) and vascular adhesion molecule (VCAM) as inflammation indicator with extent of coronary involvement were evaluated.Methods: In this cross sectional study, 82 patients with stable angina who candidates for angiography were studied. Those with acute coronary syndrome, and recent surgery, inflammatory disease, some drug consumption, kidney and liver disease, Phlebitis and PTE are excluding from study. Then blood sampling for biochemical VCAM and ICAM analysis were drawn. After it, coronary angiography was done via standard method.Findings: Mean ages of the patients were 58.4±10.1 year old with 72% male. The mean of ICAM and VCAM were 183.9±78 and 150.3±136 ng/dl, respectively. There isn’t any correlation between VCAM and ICAM and the severity of coronary artery disease. In linear regression analysis even with considering of hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes as cofounders, there was not any relation between these factors and CAD.Conclusion: According to our findings, inflammatory markers (VCAM and ICAM) didn’t add any further information about extent of CAD.

Objective: Many diabetic patients are susceptible to cardiovascular diseases which are known as one of the most important causes of mortality among diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of eight weeks of resistance training on VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and CRP in diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 24 male Sprague-Dawley diabetic rats were selected and divided into three groups; (1) diabetes victim first week, (2) diabetes victim last week, and (3) resistance training. In order to investigate the effects of induction of diabetes, 16 healthy male rats were divided into two groups of healthy victim first week and healthy victim last week. The resistance training group had progressively participated in eight weeks (3 weekly sessions) resistance training, which has included climbing up in a specified ladder for rats, based on the average weekly weight from 30% of body weight for the first week to 100% of the body weight for the last one. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, oneway ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (P-value≤ 0. 05) were used to analyze the results. Results: The results showed that induction of diabetes significantly increases of VCAM-1 (P-value: 0. 004), ICAM-1 (P-value: 0. 001) and CRP (P-value: 0. 02) in rats. The eight weeks of resistance training significantly decreases the serum levels of ICAM-1 (Pvalue: 0. 005) and CRP (P-value: 0. 001). However, the eight weeks of resistance training did not significantly reduce serum level of VCAM-1 (P-value: 0. 51) in diabetic rats. Conclusion: Resistance training has beneficial effects on the reduction of ICAM-1 and CRP levels, though an insignificant decrease in the levels of VCAM-1.

Introdution: Swimming training and garlic intake can be a preventing factor in coronary artery disease. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine eight swimming exercises and garlic consumption on serum intercellular cell adhesion molecule (ICAM) and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) values in obese male rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 28 male Wistar rats (mean weight 281 ± 5. 9 gr) were randomly divided into four groups (control, garlic supplementation, swimming training, swimming training + garlic supplementation). Then, the training group received training sessions for 8 weeks, 3 sessions per week, and the supplemented groups + supplementary supplement received 1 ml of garlic solution per kilogram of body weight per day. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and significant level (P ≤ 0. 05). Results: The findings showed that eight week training and intake garlic on the ICAM values of the rats significantly decreased. (P <0. 05). However, there was no significant effect on the VCAM values of the male rats (P <0. 05). Conclusion: It seems that the combination of two factors of swimming training and supplementation of garlic extract or exercise alone leads to a reduction in the levels of adhesive molecules and it is recommended to use it. However, in order to determine its impact, we need more research in human samples.

Background: Cardiomyopathy is a side effect caused by diabetes. Prolonged hyperglycemia gives rise to an increase in the expression of the receiver gene RAGE subsequently triggering pathogenesis cardiac signaling pathways in the heart of rats with type II diabetes. The present paper aims to examine how a 12 week Resistance training on gene expressions RAGE, ICAM, VCAM in the heart of diabetic rats with STZ.Methods: 16 male Wistar rats with weight mean ranging from 200±20 g were randomly assigned to two groups of Resistance diabetes (n=8) and control diabetes (n=8) and were kept under lab circumstances. A 12 week Resistance training was administered with the experimental group and 48 hours after the end of the last training session the rats were made unconscious and examined. Their hearts were, afterwards, cut out and the extent of gene expressions RAGE, ICAM, VCAM in the left ventricular heart was measured using Real time-PCR method.Results: The results indicated there was a significant difference between left ventricular heart of the Resistance diabetes and that of control diabetes in terms of gene expression RAGE, yet no significant difference was detected between the two groups in terms of gene expressions ICAM, VCAM.Conclusion: According to the results, in seems that Resistance trainings effectively reduce gene expressions RAGE and reduction pattern but non-significant in the Gene ICAM, VCAM in left ventricular heart of diabetic rats and therefore can be considered an effective way in reducing pathogenesis cardiac signaling pathways in the heart of rats with type II diabetes.

Background: Sedentary lifestyle and lack of exercise cause cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome. Decreased movement in recent decades has caused cardiovascular diseases. Methods: In this research, 35 male Wistar rats weighing 220 ±,20 g were divided into 5 groups (seven rats in each group) by a simple randommethod. The first and second experimental groups were given 100 grams per liter of fructose with water for 6 weeks, and the third experimental group received this for 14 weeks. The training group performed the interval training protocol on the treadmill for eight weeks and 5 days a week. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the groups. Results: The use of the fructose diet for6weeksand14 weeks caused metabolicsyndromeinmaleWistar rats. Induction of metabolic syndrome increased the plasma levels of PTX3, VACM-1, and CRP at the end of 6 weeks (P = 0. 001, P = 0. 018, and P = 0. 004, respectively) and the fourteenth week (P = 0. 001, P = 0. 001, and P = 0. 001, respectively). Eight weeks of interval training significantly reduced PTX3, VACM-1, and CRP (P = 0. 034, P = 0. 027 and P = 0. 021, respectively). Conclusions: The fructose diet caused metabolic syndrome and a significant increase in inflammatory markers in rats, and high-intensity interval training significantly reduced inflammatory factors in them.

Purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of aerobic training and caloric restriction on cellular and vascular adhesion molecules in obese women. Forty sedentary obese women (Mean±SD, age, 20.4±1.26 years; BF%, 26.6±3.95 and BMI, 30.6±2.81 kg/m2) were selected and randomly allocated to EXPt1 (Aerobic training), EXP2 (Caloric restriction), EXP3 (concurrent intervention) and control groups. Eight weeks of training in EXP1 included running on treadmill for 50-60 min, 5 day/week, while, EXP2 used a caloric restriction diet with equal energy to EXP1. EXP3 a diet and aerobic training with energy restriction equal to EXP1 Fasting serum samples were analyzed for VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 levels before training and 48 h after training. Data Analysis showed that weight, BMI and BF% decreased significantly in the experimental groups, with the changes being higher in EXP2 by 4.6%, 4.6% and 9.1%, respectively (p<0.05). Results revealed decreases of ICAM-1 in EXP1, EXP2 and EXP3 equal to 9.3%, 19.7% and 23.1%. The decrease of Icam-1 significant in EXP2 (aerobic training) (p=0.05). The levels of VCAM-1 in experimental groups were decreased, but these decreases were not statistically significant (p>0.05). A low level of correlation was seen between changes in adhesion molecules levels with BF% and weight (p>0.05).