Aims The use of intrauterine devices (IUDs) has been one of the most effective, the safest and cost-effective methods for preventing pregnancy, for a long time. However, some complications have been reported for IUDs. The complications may be reduced by using a specific technique for placement of IUD. The objective of this study was to introduce the rotating withdrawal technique for the first time, which was investigated to reduce the complications of IUD insertion. Materials & Methods This historical cohort study was conducted on 1199 females who referred to Sarem Medical Center for IUD insertion from 1984 to 1995. After primary examinations, IUD was inserted by rotating withdrawal technique. The subjects were followed up for 2 years. Findings Displacement was observed just in 20 cases (1. 67%). All of them were seen in the first month after placement. For these cases, IUD insertion was done again. After the second replacement, displacement was observed in 4 cases (0. 035%) after one month. Therefore, it was recommended to them to use another preventive method. There was no pregnancy or displacement in the other cases during 2 years. Conclusion The rotating withdrawal technique can minimize the pregnancy rate when IUD is used. In addition to the type and quality of IUD, insertion method of IUD can increase its effectiveness.

Despite the importance of banks they are extremely vulnerable in times of liquidity shortage, which causes withdrawal of bank and bank bankruptcies, because there are assets with low liquidity and much more debts with high liquidity. The liquidity risk in normal times does not cause a lot of problems for banks and could be solved by financeing through bonds issuance. But during economic crisis special conditions, it creates some problems for banks which called "bank run”. The sudden withdrawal of deposits and sudden drop in banks' credit resources would lead to liquidity shocks and have a negative effect on banking stability soundness and on lending ability of banks. The purpose of this paper is to propose a model that allows policy-makers to consider the probability of bank run. So in order to do this, the panel logit method has been used. The results of the study indicate the importance and effect of the banking soundness and deposit substitute variables such as exchange rate on possibility of sudden withdrawal of deposits.

Background: Tramadol is a centrally acting opioid analgesic used to treat moderate to sever pain. It has more advantage and less opioid adverse effects than conventional opioid analgesia.Case Report: This article reports a patient with tramadol dependency that had psychosis after tramadol withdrawal.Conclusion: By the increase of tramadol usage for relief of chronic pain, tramadol abuse and dependency is increased. Some of tramadol withdrawal symptoms are not related to opioid, for example when the effectiveness is not only on opioid receptors, but on catecholamine and serotonin receptors. So, together with typical symptoms of withdrawal, atypical symptomes had been reported.Psychosis is one of tramadol atypical withdrawal symptoms which subsided a few days after suppression of withdrawal symptoms. In such cases, the diagnosis is substance withdrawal instead of psychotic disorder due to substance withdrawal and treatment is based on this diagnosis.