After the holy Prophet passed away, compiling and transmitting the Prophetic tradition faced with many problems.Imam Ali, peace be upon him, emphasized on writing, transmitting, and reporting the Prophetic tradition, but after the holy Prophet the situation changed.In this article, the author at first presents some speeches from Imam Ali on the necessity of writing, recording, compiling, and disseminating hadith and then tries to report the Alavi's Written heritage which has been Written in order to record and safeguard the holy Prophet's heritage.

Grounded in the sociocultural perspective, talking with/writing to others and the self as mediating cognitive processes has been identified as an origin of second language learning. This crucial role of language has been known as oral and Written languaging. This study investigated whether Written corrective feedback (WCF) and Written languaging bring about improvement in English foreign language (EFL) learners' compositions. To this aim, two groups of EFL learners wrote compositions based on the prompt they received. In the next session, one group reviewed their errors which were indicated by indirect WCF and then languaged about their grammatical errors in their compositions by writing down the rationales behind them. Participants' deliberations and explanations were construed as Written languaging episodes (WLEs). On the other hand, the other group reviewed and numbered their errors highlighted by indirect, underlining, WCF, without languaging about them. Moreover, this study sought to probe whether numbers and types of Written languaging episodes differed over the five compositions. The micro-analysis of the five writings proved that participants produced the highest number of correctly resolved WLEs. They mostly offered correct reasons behind their errors in response to indirect WCF; unresolved WLEs were the least. The participants did not know the reasons behind their errors in response to WCF. Finally, the results of the study demonstrated that the indirect WCF group producing Written languaging outperformed more significantly than the mere indirect WCF group on the posttest.

in this article, we compared the features of Quran language with Characteristics of spoken and Written discourses. Also we Reviewed and evaluated the authenticity of Quran spoken language. Believers who believe that the Qur'an language is spoken, usually reconcile spoken language features, such as repetition, disproportion, thematic variation, etc, on the Qur'an language, but, by contrast, this research has studied the creating and producing process of Quran text. In this paper, by reviewing the characteristics of spoken and Written discourses and comparing them with the features of Qur'an language, the authors had concluded that the features of the Quran are not reconciled to the characteristics of spoken discourses, and The Holy Quran has a Written discourse, so its language is also Written.

This is an anthropological qualitative research with a descriptive-analytical method and with the aim of thematic analysis of the coordinates of studies that have focused on marriage documents - an example of Written cultural materials in anthropology. So, by presenting a general and descriptive overview of this type of Written works, classifying and extracting their characteristics, and then the research capacities of this category of works based on theoretical and methodological components have been evaluated in this research. The findings of this research introduce two categories of works in the field of the above studies, whose coordinates have enriched their research capacities and classified these capacities in four main axes. As a result of the existence of these capacities and, based on the anthropological insight, it is possible to draw a kind of perspective to gain knowledge of the mental structures of writers and researchers in the field of Iranian Written cultural materials-documents-marriage.

Written legacies and manuscripts related to the water civilization domain have scatteredly emerged since before the Islamic era in Greece and eastern countries. In the era of Islamic civilization, there was an increasing growth in the cultural legacies and Written works on the water civilization. From the 2nd century AH with Abozeyd Ansari's ketab-olmatar and ketab-olmiyâ until the 4th and 5th centuries AH with Abobakr Karaji's ketab nabât-olmiyâ alxafiye this convention continued. Although alqani val anhdr was composed in Kavian era about the codes of subterranean water conduits, which indicates the existence of such conventions and practices among Iranians, Karajis book is the most Prominent work about Iranian water civilization. From the 5th to 10th centuries AH, among other subjects books were Written on water, irrigation, hydrology and agriculture such as afrâh fi babe-l alvâh, âsâre-l ehyâ mâhil sabhâniin fi rafa'elmâ', resâleye âbbaxi˝ harât, davâzdah bâb dar 'elme felâhat, ketâbe natihedole, se resâlae or Heravi's two prominent works, namely erâd-ol zerâe' and resâlae tariqe qesmate âbe qalb. From 10th century AH onwards more books wee Written and composed on irrigation and agriculture, and during the time of Qajar dynasty several books on agriculture ('elme felâhat) were Written and translated into Farsi.This article tends to recognize and present books on water civilization in a chronological order in order to assist researchers in this field.

Determining the direction of the language is one of the basics of interpretation. In the discussion of the language of the Qur'an, there are many issues, one of which is whether it is spoken or Written. In this discussion, they are looking for the answer that the language of the Qur'an has in terms of expression and speech. The meaning of spoken language is to choose a language from the categories of speaking, induction, conversation, and performance, which takes into account the audience and expresses the sentences and phrases in each part in a connected and short way. However, in the Written language, the arrangement and order of the words and arrangement of the contents are formed in the absence of the audience and the listener, and its denotative signs are linear. The effect of this discussion is in the interpretation of the Qur'an and in the discovery of knowledge and the general position of religion. In the realm of Qur'an expression, in determining the audience and the level of using evidences and evidences within the text and outside the text. Although this issue has been discussed sporadically in the introduction of many Qur'anic interpretations and sciences since the distant past, it has been raised in the form of linguistic terminology in the contemporary period, and most of the opinions have been raised on the orality of the Qur'anic text. The present research has expressed a detailed opinion about the cleverness of the language of the Qur'an and the proof of this theory by proposing theories and reasons and evaluating the views.

The role of art in education is one of the important debates of human sciences, which is considered as an important issue in advanced countries today and is used in the education system. An important issue that has remained relatively far from the eyes of those in charge of religion and religious teachings and the Qur'an, especially in Iran and other Islamic societies. Discovering and explaining the artistic principles of illustration from the Quran is the main concern and goal of this article, which is expressed in the form of the main question of searching for the principles of Quranic illustration in Written media. Data were collected through library methods (researches, articles and documents) and field method with interview technique, and thematic analysis method was used for their analysis. The most important achievements are stated in 13 principles that the illustrators of children's religious books, especially the Quran, can present appropriate and worthy works by applying those principles. Some of these principles are: attention to the growth and evolution of children's religious understanding, commitment to and Islamic jurisprudential dos and don'ts, selecting appropriate Quranic stories and concepts, paying attention to the characteristics and functions of Written media, accompanying and directly using commentators and experts in Quranic affairs, taking advantage of the objective and concrete experiences of children to simplify complex Quranic concepts, using images Stimulating the mind and stimulating the imagination in the direction of the goals of the Qur'an.