Background and Objective: Pharmaceutical wastewater has a high level of pollution load that should be treated before discharging to the environment. Integrated processes using different mechanisms are one of the most fruitful methods in wastewater treatment. In this study, combined Integrated Fixed Film Activated Sludge (IFAS) and photocatalytic processes are utilized using of Fe3O4/TiO2 nanocatalysts to decrease the COD value of pharmaceutical wastewater. Materials and Methods: In this study, the variables of each process are optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). In the IFAS process, the variables were dissolved oxygen (DO), media filling percentage and hydraulic retention time (HRT); while in the photocatalytic process, the effects of pH of wastewater, catalyst dose and reaction time were investigated. Results: In optimal conditions (DO 3 mg/L, HRT 24 h and media filling percentage 65%), COD removal rate was obtained 59. 15%. With the initial concentration of 1725 mg/L COD and the mentioned efficiency, the concentration of COD in the effluent diminished to 704 mg/L. However, in the photocatalytic process, during optimal conditions (pH 6. 8, reaction time 105 min and catalyst dose 60 mg/L), The efficiency of the process was determined 81%, which by considering the input COD (704 mg/L), the output concentration was reduced to 134 mg/L. Conclusion: According to the standards provided by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the effluent from the combined process can be discharged into the environment.

Today, urban transformations have led to general changes due to increasing sensitivities to human and environmental well-being. So far, there have been many approaches to urban transformation that most notably of them include urban revitalization, urban redevelopment, and urban regeneration.Regeneration approach has a more comprehensive and integrated vision for solving urban problems, especially Brownfield which has many opportunities for urban transformation and improving people's quality of life. But its regeneration faces challenges in clean-up and redevelopment. To overcome these challenges, the strategy of urban catalyst can be applied due to being an instrument within the strategies of urban transformation that comes out of the texture and rehabilitates that. This research presents the concepts and basic requirements of urban catalyst projects and their planning (political, management and leadership, legal, economic, social and environmental), design (underlying factors, Sense of location and identity) and implementation (4Ps model or public-private-people partnership) components for the acceleration of urban development. At the end, with the knowledge that every city has unique characteristic and it is not possible to adopt a single instruction for all cities, however, regarding to the global experiences, a common Brownfield regeneration process with the help of urban catalyst projects is presented by a proposed model in this study. If projects are understood and developed in accordance with what the city needs, they can deeply affect on the inefficient urban areas regeneration especially Brownfield.

In present research in order to reduce emitted pollutant gases from vehicles, design and production of metallic catalyst converter have been studied. The specimens are adjustable on different engines with different capacity. For this purpose the following steps were carried out:The first step is preparation of a-4 sheet consists of annealing, forming and making monolith. The second step contains providing wash coat and catalyst metals and coating them on washed coated monolith. The last step is canning of catalyst converter. After accomplishing above steps, required tests have been done as below:Measurement of emitted pollutants from vehicles, stability of catalyst converter in vehicle (road test) and finally measurement of amount of fuel consumption of vehicles with different used catalyst converters in them.Results of these tests showed that emission of CO was equivalent with Euro3 standard and NOX emission was equivalent to Euro4 standard and NOX+HC emission was equivalent with Euro3 standard.

Catalytic gas-solid reactions are used widely using conventional packed bed reactors. Conventional packed bed reactors have some difficulties and disadvantages such as pressure drop, intra particle diffusion limitation, flow channeling and so on. Recently, to overcome these difficulties, research has led to the use of structured catalysts such as monolithic reactor instead of a random packed bed. Herein, using an iron based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis catalyst, a novel bulk monolithic catalyst is manufactured by extrusion and molding methods. The effect of various parameters on monolith quality and strength are experimentally evaluated. The molding method showed good results and the best conditions are found at 5% moisture; 20-25% binder, and 3500-5800 kg/cm2 pressure. Also, the performance of the catalyst in Fischer Tropsch synthesis is tested experimentally. The results show that this novel concept leads to superior advantages such as lower intra particle mass transfer limitation and pressure drop and more catalyst usage.