As a part of the human society, children have formed the future generation of every country, and the child's interaction with the surrounding environment requires his physical and mental development. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the environment that promotes mental and physical development of the child. In order to check the suitable environment for children, the initiative of the child-friendly city has been taken into consideration. The general purpose of this research is to improve the status of two cities from the perspective of a child-friendly city and to identify the appropriate indicators of a child-friendly city and to make a comparative comparison in the two metropolises of Tehran and Isfahan. The current research is developmental in terms of the combined method and in terms of the goal, and it is based on library and documentary studies, field surveys and interviews. Yeoman-Whitney test was used to analyze the indicators. The results of the evaluation show that in the comparison of the two cities of Tehran and Isfahan in terms of the examined indicators (social and physical, economic, environmental, urban management and leisure), Tehran city in the variable of safety and protection with an average of 3.09 and Isfahan city in Participation and citizenship variables with an average of 3.22 have a favorable level. Although Tehran is in a better condition compared to Isfahan in other indicators, in general, both cities are far apart in terms of standard indicators, and suggestions have been made in this regard.

ABSTRACT Considering the concept of quality of life in cities to be the same, urban planners do not have a precise understanding of the factors affecting the quality of life. Therefore, according to the size of the city, different indicators should be considered to measure the quality of life. Thus, according to the main goal of the research, which is to recognize, identify and compile the factors affecting the improvement of the quality of life in middle and small cities on an intra-provincial scale, Qazvin and Zia Abad cities in Qazvin province were selected as study samples. In order to achieve the goal of the research, exploratory factor analysis and regression analysis were exerted. The findings show that the homogenization of the indicators affecting the quality of life in all cities is incorrect. Some concepts, such as the size of the city, are effective in compiling and selecting the indicators affecting the quality of life. So, the indicators affecting the quality of life in each city can be different according to some concepts, such as the city's characteristics or the city's size. Examining study samples also shows that in small cities, social indicators are more important due to strong social solidarity among people and the high importance of social and cultural concepts. Moreover, in middle cities, due to the importance of finding economic concepts and urban services in people's lives and people's less communication with each other and the weakening of solidarity and social connections, indicators of urban services and facilities and economic factors have the most importance in explaining the quality of life; this shows that the Quality of life indicators are different in all cities Extended Abstract Introduction Quality of life is a multifaceted and dynamic concept that can be different from city to city and region to region and can be defined by various indicators. Not paying attention to this issue and considering the concept of quality of life equally in all cities has caused the level of quality of life to decrease in many cities, especially middle and small cities, in recent years. On the other hand, considering the concept of quality of life in cities to be the same, urban planners do not have a precise understanding of the factors affecting the quality of life. Following this, the main goal of this research is to identify, identify and compile effective factors for improving the quality of life in middle and small cities on an intra-provincial scale. In order to achieve this goal, the cities of Qazvin and Zia Abad in Qazvin province were selected as study samples, so that according to the size of the city, in order to achieve the goal of the research, the factors affecting the quality of life are analyzed on an intra-provincial scale.   Methodology The research method is applied research based on quantitative methods. In line with data analysis, after extracting 60 indicators of quality of life, first, the indicators were separated into separate and structured factors using the exploratory factor analysis method in SPSS software. And then, step by step regression method was used to measure the effective factors in improving the quality of life in cities.   Results and discussion The research findings show that based on exploratory factor analysis, 16 factors were extracted in Zia Abad city and 15 factors in Qazvin city as effective factors on the quality of life in small and middle cities. In order to present and explain the factors affecting the improvement of the quality of life in small and middle cities, the factors extracted from the factor analysis were analyzed by multivariate regression method and step-by-step method. Furthermore, finally, (13) factors were introduced in Zia   Abad and (13) factors in Qazvin as the main factors influencing the quality of life. The analysis of the findings indicates that in Zia Abad, factors such as life expectancy and social relations, security, the state of urban services and access to urban facilities, living expenses, the state of urban furniture, urban traffic, the state of offices and housing have more effects in explaining and improving the quality of life. In Qazvin, factors such as the state of urban services, the state of green and public spaces in the city, the state of security and economic opportunities in the city, the density and hope of urban, economic, and cultural life, the state of roads and leisure in the city are effective in explaining the quality of life. Following this, according to the above findings, quality of life is a multidimensional and dynamic concept that directly relates to the type of cities and the specific characteristics of cities. Therefore, the quality of life and its indicators can differ from city to city; because every city has its characteristics and characteristics with citizens with different cultures and thinking, which causes the factors affecting the quality of life to be different. Therefore, considering the quality of life and its indicators to be the same in all cities is wrong, which can lead to the decline of the quality of life and the failure of quality of life improvement programs.   Conclusion Finally, the research results indicate that quality of life is a simple concept covering various urban life aspects. This concept can be defined as a determining factor in the excellence and progress of cities and residents' satisfaction with their urban life. It is multifaceted and dependent on place and time. As a result, the perception of people in different cities and communities about the concept of quality of life and the factors affecting it can be different. Following this, factors and indicators should be selected according to the characteristics and conditions of that city in urban planning to improve the quality of life for each city. Thus, this research, using the classification of cities based on the size of the city, has presented factors specifically for middle and small cities, which in small cities due to strong social solidarity among people and the great importance of social and cultural concepts, social indicators are more important. Moreover, in middle cities, due to the importance of finding economic concepts and urban services in people's lives and people's less communication with each other and the weakening of solidarity and social connections, indicators of urban services and facilities and economic factors have the most importance in explaining the quality of life; this shows that the quality of life indicators are different in all cities.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.   Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific.

Objectives: The advent of modern knowledge cities is the consequence of formation of knowledge-centered society and knowledge-based economy. The appearance of these centers, on the one hand, results from convergence of theories of knowledge-based development, knowledge management and urban studies. On the other hand, knowledge city is the result of the reconciliation between economic welfare and social values,a place where intellectual capital, social capital, human capital, as well as financial and physical capitals are strongly connected and influence each other,an efficient place in attracting, retaining and growing brains. The formation of knowledge cities is mainly started from components with geographical origins and directly related to the subject of landuse planning. Knowledge cities are in need of strategic plans, development plans and future studies more than other human societies. Hence, they require multiple-dimension attention to regional planning. This has been neglected in Iran. The main purpose of this study is to clarify what are the main considerations for the proper development of these centers, given the pillars and characteristics of knowledge cities and academic cities. Methods: This qualitative comparative study is in the category of applied research in terms of purpose. Results: The findings show that Iran academic cities just have the first characteristic among the three characteristics (academic development, social and cultural development, communicative characteristics) of knowledge cites in practice. Conclusion: The development of knowledge cities and academic cities in Iran has been the proliferation of scientific units and university centers, not the promotion and development of science norms. Even the establishment and development of these centers has not been in line with the ancient scientific tradition of Iran. Rather, the unbalanced overflow has been an unbridled social demand that has formed on its own without regard to the principles of spatial planning. The author offers eight suggestions for improving this situation at the end of the article.

Cities as an complex systems through the environment (even artificial or natural living) has an intelligence behaviors. From system theory point of view until they remain in deterministic mode the classical-deterministic plantings could deal with them. But when they shift to the chaotic mode their behavior would be unpredictable and out of classical planning frame work (deterministic planning); although in some period of time they seem to have deterministic behavior. This is the cause of sensitivity of chaotic systems to initial conditions. So this paper tries to propose the minimum approaches in planning in which the probability of chaotic mode would be determines as a main catastrophic event with respect to this content that from system theory vision complication is not equal or ending to complexity.

Since the inception and establishment of cities, they have served as the foundation and hub for economic-social, political, and physical-spatial transformations. Throughout history, humanity has undergone two major revolutions: the agricultural revolution and the industrial revolution, and is currently experiencing the third revolution—the information revolution—which continues to impact cities and the way citizens live. This, in turn, leads to changes in the cities and the components that constitute them. The information revolution is increasingly influenced by new technologies. The metaverse, one of these new technologies with great potential, is considered as the future of technology and a possible replacement for the future internet. It is emerging and expanding within cities. The metaverse, as a combination of virtual and physical realities, merges the virtual world with the real one, holding high potential for urban planning and development. In the context of smart urban growth and smart cities, cities that are electronic, virtual, and digital are continuously evolving. The newest form of these cities can be referred to as metaverse cities, which, with the expansion of the metaverse, are experiencing both theoretical and practical developments. This study explores metaverse cities and the impact of the metaverse on cities regarding four key components of smart cities, including smart citizens as the main stakeholders and actors in the city, smart transportation as a crucial element of the city, smart tourism as an important part of the contemporary urban economy, and smart security as a vital aspect of citizens' lives. This research is a library-based study utilizing a descriptive-analytical approach, drawing on updated and credible sources. The overall results of the study indicate that the metaverse is increasingly expanding in today's world, both in terms of academic studies and practical implementation. Future smart cities will essentially be smart and metaverse cities.

In view of Iran,s being located on one of the tow seismic belts of the world as well as the very existence of copious geologic fault, the occurrence of earthquake in the plateau of Iran is but a natural phenomenon. Iran is one of the ten cataclysm–generating countries and the sixth in number of the world earthquake - generating countries. That is why earthquake inflicts high death toll of human lives. Moreover the seismic zone encompasses 90% of the territorial area of our country . But what is more important in this regard, is the regrettable location of cities and metropolises (such as Tehran, Tabriz…) that have been built on or within the vicinity of geologic fault and, as a result, are unquestionably prone to earthquake menace.This is because Iran is one of the countries that have taken on their formation through innumerable geologic faults whose movements cause the release of stored energy leading to reccurrence of earthquake meting out heavy human casualty and immense property losses in urban areas. In this paper, endevours will be made to probe into the cause of earthquake generation in the plateau of Iran and the negative effects of activities of faults on some of the cities taken as models and recall the dangers entailed therein.

Nowadays, the speed with which ideas, capital, people and many other socio-cu1tura1 elements travel has got a great momentum This has proved to be faster than any other period in human history. Globalization has brought the world of information and technology closer in the modern world. The exchange and flow of information in this network not only created some new levels it has also forget a series of fresh interdisciplinary avenues. The new multifaceted dynamics have led to the creation of some very innovative patterns in human relations. In the contemporary world of changing processes and cultural integrations, some very new grounds were broken leading to fresh patterns in which there are no traces of originality or adherence to religious traits. This is, therefore, a combination of two special forms which gave way to a totally new version. The Iranian cities are the center of such different and creole architectures. In this creole culture, we will have cities which are different from their traditional forms. In other words, it is neither a reflection of the traditional form nor one faithful to modern forms. It is actually a new form which can be called the creole Iranian city culture.