External fluted feed rolls are commonly used in grain drills. The fluted feed roll meters a volume of seeds and does not singulate the seeds as do the precision planters; therefore, there will be inherent variation in the number of seeds delivered per unit of time. This research was conducted to investigate the effect of seed meter drive shaft and ground speeds and outlet positions in a grain drill on the variation in wheat seeding rate and seed flow evenness from various outlets in short time intervals using the coefficient of variation (CV) and the nonuniformity coefficient (NUC). In this study, a grain drill with straight fluted metering mechanisms was evaluated on a test rig. Two rotational speeds of 16 and 23 rpm and two speeds of 2.5 and 3.6 km h-1 were selected for the seed meter drive shaft and the movement of the test rig, respectively. The results showed that, for a given test rig speed, the seeding rate changed proportional to the seed meter drive shaft speed, whereas for a constant speed of seed meter drive shaft, the seeding rate decreased as the speed of the test rig increased. Also, the seeding rates from all outlets were not the same. Outputs of some of the outlets were autocorrelated, for which selecting 12 or 24 seed samples randomly out of 36 consecutive samples were not essentially non-autocorrelated. Increasing rotational speed of seed meter drive shaft significantly increased the coefficient of uniformity of all outlets. The seed breakage was significantly increased with the speed of seed meter drive shaft. The CV and NUC exhibited similar trends. It can, therefore, be concluded that in grain drill evaluation, either CV or NUC could be used as an index of seed flow non-uniformity.

According to decline in water resources availability and quality and also increases population growth, one of the most important strategic policies for food security is agricultural vertical development which can be achieved by improvement of water productivity. Deficit irrigation by employing alternate furrow irrigation is one of the methods of water management in the field that its application increases water productivity and yield per each irrigation water unit. This study was conducted to evaluate and simulate the alternate furrow irrigation for wheat using SIRMOD model. To reach these aim, some experimental data for Kerman Zenderooh agricultural and environmental research center during 2005-2007 were used. This research was based on randomized complete block statistical design with four treatments normal and alternate furrow irrigation method with two planting distances 50 and 60 cm (T50, T100, T60 and T120) in three replications. Evaluation results by model showed that efficiency of application, irrigation and distribution of water can be improved 2 times in alternate furrow method as compared to normal method. There were 4, 10, 27, 43 minutes difference between observed and computed data of water time advances in treatments T60, T120, T100 and T50, respectively. In total, observations showed that alternate furrow irrigation with a spacing of 60 cm (T120) is suitable for wheat, even in sandy loam soils. This increases the efficiency of application, irrigation and distribution.

To know about diffusion and moisture surface emission coefficients of timber is a proper criterion for simulation and estimation of the required time for timber drying. There are various factors such as moisture percentage, timber temperature, adjacent air speed and surface conditions which may influence one or both coefficients. In the present survery, according to drying curves of 2.5 and 3.2 cm thick Querus castanefolia lumbers, dried in a conventional kiln under T4-D3 schedule, diffusion and surface emission coefficients were calculated. In the range of 10-40 percent moisture content, it was indicated that the results of using two drying curves simultaneously were in agree with the results of using a single drying curve for each thickness. While, in the same moisture content range, the average drying rate of the 2.5 cm lumbers was significantly higher than that of the 3.2 cm samples.

Submerged rectangular orifice is among discharge measuring device which is suitable in small canal especially when the amount of fallis not adequat for application of weir, during the past decade many study have been conducted for evaluation of discharge coefficient of orifice. For free the case of submerged orifice only an average value of 0.61 has been mentiond in the literature. Since this coefficient depends to the flow characteristics and the orifice dimensions, an equation for determination of discharge coefficient is needed. The development of such formula is the main goal of this study. To do so an experimental program was conducted and applying the dimensional analysis and data obtained from these tests, one relation was developed. This relation can be used where an accurate value of the discharge coefficient and consequently the flow discharge is needed.

Based on the point of view of geometrical representation of an intuitionistic fuzzy set, we take into account all three parameters describing intuitionistic fuzzy set, propose a kind of new method to calculate correlation and correlation coefficient of intuitionistic fuzzy sets which is similar to the cosine of the intersectional angle in finite sets and probability space, respectively. Further, we discuss some of their properties and give three numerical examples to illustrate our proposed method reasonable.

Discharge coefficient of a semicircular labyrinth weir is a function of total head, effective length of crest and discharge coefficent. Discharge coefficient of such a weir is influenced by total head over the weir, height of weir, radius of weir, thickness of weir and shape of crest. In this paper the effect of imporant parameters affecting discharge coefficient are investigated. It was found that by increasing the radio us of weir, discharge coefficient increases. The rate of variations of discharge coefficient decreases by increasing depth of flow and finally maintain a constant value.Appropriate equations for discharge coefficient are introduced. New method of design is introduced.

We prove that a dictionary for a Banach space X has the strong coefficient quantization property if it has the same property when it restricted on the unit ball of X. We also obtain the same result for the strong net quantization property.