Many Scholars believe that “, Imagined Communities”,is one of a most influential Books in Late 20th. Based on the Anderson’, s Point of view, Nationalism is not a false capitalist consciousness, instead it is produced by one of a fundamental aspects of capitalism. “, Print Capitalism”,in its historical context, is a type of economic corporation which is not only affected on the formation and distribution of culture, but it also was a part of capitalist production as well. His contribution was to show how print industry helped development of national units. A critical review can declare Anderson’, s analysis is less practical and useful. It could not explain how a nation is distinguished from other types of community which he has constructed in the book. In addition, his analysis faces three serious problems: his understanding of nation is something classless, asocial and universal,minorities, marginal and subaltern groups are absent in his analysis, and finally he is unconsidered to sexuality structures and women’, s reproductive role in generating a nation. These obstacles base his construction of citizenship and nation upon white, middle class, educated European men.

The ability of plant communities in natural ecosystems to modify temperature has become increasingly important due to the profound impacts of global climate change, particularly in arid regions. However, previous studies have provided limited information on the long-term temperature feedback of these plant communities and the biotic drivers behind these changes. This study aimed to determine the functional traits and types of plant communities as biotic drivers of land surface temperature (LST) at the plant community scale, with a focus on identifying co-functioning communities in the Sirjan region of Kerman Province. To achieve this, we utilized the MODIS-LST 8-day composite product at the plant community scale and measured functional traits of dominant species through field operations. The results revealed that leaf dry matter content (LDMC), maximum height (MH), and leaf width (LW) traits significantly reduce LST. Additionally, cluster analysis indicated that the plant communities in the study area can be classified into five functional groups, which fall into two co-function categories. The S-strategized co-function (e.g., 26 communities), characterized by high LDMC values and a combination of abrupt and trend feedback in LST, was found to be more effective than the R-strategized co-function (e.g., 13 communities), which exhibited only trend feedback. Therefore, it can be argued that extreme temperatures, as a global concern, can be mitigated through careful selection of vegetation based on functional traits and strategies. This approach, particularly through rangeland improvement practices using species such as Astragalus spachianus, Cornulaca monacantha, and Launaea acanthodes, could play a significant role in addressing this challenge.

This paper is an examination of social anomie in virtual communities in the internet network. The Expansion of internet networks and the acceleration of virtual communities has led to important questions whether the internet network can be considered as an anomic space and whether we can speak of an invisible social order which is based on social norms embodied in a virtual reality form?

The topic of citizenship is an issue that many scholars from different point of views have paid attention to this concept. We can see and recognize some dimensions of citizenship in the works of Greek and Islamic philosophers. In this article, we examine the most important dimension of citizenship i.e. behavior. Under the light of this research, as we can see in Islamic religious texts, there are some characteristics for Muslim citizens that if they try to maintain these characteristics, they will have a healthy life and a beautiful world.

Designing a house as the human living space; concerns with different human needs. So, human satisfaction from different aspects of his residential space is very important. Reviewing literature shows housing satisfaction can be evaluated by different physical, social, environmental, management and functional aspects. Considering the role of residential satisfaction in social and economic desirability in communities, the study has tried to evaluate and compare housing satisfaction degree among three communities with different age in Qazvin: Ferdosi, Daneshgah and Poonak communities considering different socio-demographic and physical characters of the residents and their residential spaces. With this aim, 360 residents (120 in each community) were participated in a survey study applying questionnaire technique. Results were analyzed by SPSS software and showed Poonak, new developing community; has the lowest housing satisfaction. Regression analysis also shows significant correlations between house area, number of stories and time as independent variables with housing satisfaction as dependent variable. Additionally, gender and ownership were only two socio-demographic factors which had significantly influenced on housing satisfaction degree. Finally, by evaluation of different dimensions of housing satisfaction including: different physical, social, environment, management and functional dimensions; it can be claimed that satisfaction from physical characters of residential spaces is the most significant element which determine the housing satisfaction degree.

Community Question Answering has a crucial role in almost all societies nowadays. It is important for the owners of a community to be able to make it better and more reliable. One way to achieve this, is to find the users who have more knowledge, expertise, experience and skill and can well share their knowledge with others (which we call experts and aim to encourage them to be more active in the website). One method to use is to identify expert users, and whenever a new question is asked, we suggest this question to them to check and answer if its in their area of expertise. One way to encourage users to post replies, is to use gameplay techniques such as assigning points and badges to users. But as we will discuss, this method does not always detect expert users well, because some users will try to have small and insignificant but numerous activities that will make them gain a lot of points, however they are not experts. In this study, we examine the methods by which experts in a question-and-answer system can be found, and try to evaluate and compare these methods, use their ideas and positive points, and add our own new ideas to a new way of finding them. We used some ideas such as profile making for users, categorize users’,expertise, A-Priori algorithm and showed that neural networks method results the best for the purpose of expert detection.