New spiritual movements have been founded on common philosophical foundations. One of the important foundations of new mysticism is the problem well-known as incarnation.It is one of the important current problems that have been discussed by Muslim scholars including philosophers, theologians, mystics and interpreters. Muslim philosophers have given about ten proofs against incarnation; as it has been viewed in some interpretations. In the paper, having examined its semantics and analyzed its types, the author has studied the proofs of those believing in incarnation including both reasonable and narrative ones. It should, however, be said that in some narrative proofs some places for accepting incarnation can be seen. In the paper, all types of the proofs have been examined.

The main object of this writing is a survey of concept and role of thought experiment in science. Thought experiment is an innovative instrument that plays an important role in different areas of science such as physics. The most important feature of these experiments is that in absence of any new empirical data, they lead us to new knowledge or to change our opinion about a theory. There are different views about the function of thought experiment. At the beginning of this writing, some examples of thought experiments and their features have been presented. Then, some of the most famous views on thought experiment have been examined. According to Norton's argument, thought experiment is merely an argument which has a form of narrative. Brown's view has a priori and Platonic view on thought experiment and claims that a correct thought experiment can grasp laws of Platonic world. Although the mentioned views criticize Norton's view from different perspectives, all of them have a common point: thought experiment plays an important role in science and is able to provide us new information about the world.

Neuroplasticity is defined as adaptive changes in the sub-structures of synapses. Neuroplasticity is an important capability of the brain to respond to new stress. Stress can range from environmental changes to organic damages. Neurogenesis defined as the generation of new neurons in some parts of brain regions, especially the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and sub-ventricular zone, can be considered as neuroplasticity. Neurogenesis facilitates the brain’ s adaptive response to new stress by integrating new neurons into related areas. In this review, we recall some aspects of neurogenesis that may be considered as neuroplasticity. . .