Definition and Classification: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of movement disorders that affect a person's posture, balance, and gait. This clinical manifestation is caused by permanent and nonprogressive damage to the brain. In this article, in order to promote the best orthopedic care to this group of patients, we will present the orthopedic approach to lower limb disabilities in CP patients step by step (1). Based on clinical features and prominent neurological findings, CP patients are divided into 3 main groups after the topographical classification: spastic, dyskinetic, and ataxic. The Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and Functional Mobility Scale (FMS) classification are explained in the related sections (1)...

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a hemorrhagic fever caused by a tick-borne virus. The disease was first described as hemorrhagic diseases in 1944 in the Crimea and later in 1969 in the Congo, hence the current name of the disease. CCHF is endemic in many countries in Africa, Europe and Asia, and during 2001, cases or outbreaks have been recorded in Kosovo, Albania, Iran, Pakistan, and South Africa. The geographical distribution of the virus-like that of its tick vector-is widespread. Evidence of CCHF virus has been found in Africa, Asia, the Middle East and Eastern Europe.

Corner detection, crucial for many computer vision tasks due to corner's distinct structural properties, often relies on traditional intensity-based detectors developed before 2000. This paper introduces a novel intensity-based corner detector that surpasses existing methods by solely analyzing pixel intensity within a 3×3 neighborhood. Our approach leverages a unique corner response function derived from intensity sorting and difference calculations. We conduct a comprehensive evaluation comparing our detector to seven established algorithms using five benchmark images with ground truth corner locations. The evaluation encompasses detection accuracy, localization error under varying noise levels, and repeatability under transformations and degradations. This assessment utilizes 28 diverse images without ground truth data. Experimental results demonstrate the proposed detector's superior overall performance by 3%. It achieves better accuracy in corner localization and reduces both missed detections and false positives. Furthermore, requiring only one parameter for adjustment, it offers computational efficiency and real-time processing potential. Additionally, the generated corner response map holds promise for integration with deep learning architectures, opening possibilities for further exploration.

Introduction: GDEA (Gabric Diabetes Education Association) is an Iranian NGO founded in the year 2006 by key endocrinologists, benefactors, and motivated type 1 diabetics.GDEA’s mission is to improve the lives of people with diabetes and to promote primary, secondary and tertiary diabetes prevention via education, awareness-raising, and establishing motivations. Most of the staffs are well-controlled diabetic patients who provide peer-to-peer consultation and motivation for others. Providing a comprehensive model of diabetes school for education, it has been selected as the best practice of diabetes education in the Middle East and North Africa in 2010. The name Gabric is borrowed from a river in Southern Iran.Activitie: All members can receive free diabetes educational advising from well-controlled diabetic staffs; the formation and organization of a Donor Club (a club of donors which supports GDEA based on their financial capabilities and expertise) and ambassadors Club (a club of volunteers who cooperate with the organization to raise diabetes-awareness across the country); regular conferences, seminars and training programs in cooperation with the municipality and MOH in order to raise diabetes awareness in medical communities and public; an innovative series of diabetes educational programs for children (aged 6-12) called Keepo Adventures; Insulin My Friend, a creative educational campaign targeting the different aspects of type 1 diabetes, carried out by professional diabetes educators nationwide; a complete assortment of books, booklets and newsletters covering a variety of diabetes; launching www.gabric.ir as the most comprehensive diabetes website in Persian language.Key Notes: GDEA has currently more than 60, 000 members; covers its costs via donation, corporate sponsorship and membership fees; provides all services free of charge for children younger than 12; gifts special physiological support, motivation, and unique educational program to children and their parents; recruits and trains type 1 diabetics as employees; performs activities which are complementary to physicians’ treatment, and in this way helps to promote better diabetes control; follows an organizational value of acting and thinking in Gabric Way.Diabetes Education Programs: As a comprehensive Diabetes School, a variety of programs for different target groups has been developed which are conducted in simple words by professional diabetes educators through group-learning classes. They are customized according to local needs such as specific nutritional habits in Iran. GDEA currently has 15 different programs based on most updated and trusted references and protocols. These programs are in 5 different levels covering a variety of target groups (patients with different needs and HCPs). Our association also teaches principles of diabetes education to heath care professionals involved in health care system all over the country.

This WAME document aims to provide guidance to help editors, researchers, funders, academic institutions and other stakeholders distinguish predatory journals from legitimate journals...

Background: The carpal structure consists of eight individual bones aligned in officially two rows, in axial plains, proximal and distal. The proximal row is made of three main bones and one sesamoid bone and from radial to ulnar includes scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and finally pisiform, which could be barely considered as an individual bone. This is because it has no articular surface attachment to proximal or distal bony structures, and is engulfed by flexor carpi ulnaris tendon. The distal row from radial side to ulnar side includes trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate. . .

Background: Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a prevalent complication after trauma, injury, or surgery defined by the existence of extraskeletal lamellar type of bone in muscle and soft tissue (1). HO is a disturbance of normal tissue repair. HO also has a genetic form which is rare in comparison to the non-genetic form. HO has a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms, from small lesions to lesions with high morbidity (2). This complication is induced by infiltration of inflammatory cells and osteoinductive growth factors, which are released following an injury and activate an osteochondrogenic program. HO formation takes 6-12 weeks following the operation and ceases after that without any progression. The pathway of bone formation in HO may be either intramembranous or endochondral. HO is classified into four grades based on Brooker’, s classification. Most cases of HO are categorized as grade one and grade two, which are asymptomatic and accidentally discovered in radiographic follow-ups. In grades three and four, the patient confronts more pain and reduced range of motion (ROM) (3). . .

“, Sagittal balance”,is defined by the anatomic relationship between the pelvis and the spine in the sagittal plane to keep the center of gravity over the feet. It is important to calculate the anatomical parameters of cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and spinopelvic regions and how any static and dynamic changes could affect the sagittal balance to understand the conditions necessary for such a balance. One of the effective changes in sagittal balance is aging, which leads to changes in spine parameters and further activation of compensatory mechanisms. Understanding the relationships between these parameters, especially in pathological cases, helps correct spine sagittal imbalance.