Background and purpose: The present research was conducted aimed at sociological study of women's security feeling in Tehran city.Method: The research was carried out using grounded theory. The under study population includes women who are housewives, working, 18+, married and single women in Tehran. The data collection tool is a semi-structured interview, and after conducting 24 interviews, data saturation was achieved. Data analysis has been conducted using open, axial and selective triple coding method.Findings: The analysis of the participants' experiences regarding the security feeling led to the identification and extraction of 664 open codes, 64 central codes and 27 selective codes, which were included in the form of a paradigm model including: causal conditions, background conditions, intervening conditions and strategies.Conclusion: In general, the results indicate that several factors such as providing social security, providing security and urban health, providing security in familiar areas and a sense of belonging to the environment, providing social health, improving the cultural and moral level of society, eliminating economic inequalities contribute to creating security feeling. Also, issues that pave the ground for creating security feeling on the part of women are: social surveillance, training and informing citizens about their social rights, establishing justice-oriented laws, ensuring justice and economic equality, cultural development, eliminating gender gaps, creating suitable urban structures and ensuring the citizens’   psycho-social health. Also, public support and participation, social surveillance, existence of commercial centers, training women with regard to defense capabilities, appropriate economic status and observance of women's social rights are among the interfering conditions in the emergence of security feeling on the part of women. As far as strategies of women's security feeling are concerned, one may refer to strategies such as economic development of neighborhoods, social health, which enhance women’s social interaction.

Introduction: Justice is one of the fundamental concepts of human social life. One way to study status of justice in every society is measurement sense of justice among the people. In this study, using the theory of justice, John Rawls, justice is separated to three variables equal fundamental freedoms, social opportunities and the principle of distinction and examined individuals approach to the variables the review, Rawls's theory can be received that sense of justice emanating from such factors as self esteem, value system, sense of deprivation and social economic status of individuals.Method: This research was conducted by using survey method and the unit analysis, which is odd. The study population comprised all individuals 18 years and over living in Tehran, by using Cochran's formula, a sample has been chosen numbers 428 men and women. For selected samples from all 22 regions in Tehran, according to their size randomly selected and data was gathered using a questionnaire and interview.Findings: The main result of this research is going to mean a sense of justice among the total respondents is 10.796, which is above index average (8.533). There is a relationship between sense of justice and socio-economic status. There is a weak correlation between self-esteem and sense of justice. There is a relationship between feeling of relative deprivation and the sense of justice. There is a relationship between value orientation of people and sense of justice.Discussion: To establish a balanced sense of justice in society according to principles of justice based on the public contract, all people regardless of their socio-economic status must agree about basics, principles and its enforcement procedures.

This research has investigated the relationship between feeling of disorder and feeling of insecurity, among citizens of Yasouj, using broken window theory. Research method is cross-sectional survey and research population includes citizens of Yasouj who are upper 18 years old. 482 cases were selected using random multi-stage sampling method. Measurement tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose construct validity was established through factor analysis and its reliability was measured using cronbach alpha coefficient. Descriptive findings showed that both rates of feeling insecurity is and disorder are high among Yasouj residents. Analytical findings indicated that there is a positive significant relationship between feeling of disorder and feeling of insecurity. Explanation of the feeling of insecurity on the basis of the feeling of disorder using structural equation model specified that the research model has an ideal goodness of fit and is consistent with empirical data. Structural coefficient of feeling of disorder on the feeling of insecurity is 0.83 which is significant with regard to T value (13.3). In addition, feeling of disorder can explain 68% of the variance of the feeling of insecurity.

Introduction In today's competitive world, studying consumer behavior is inevitable for any organization, large or small, and neglecting this can lead to the defeat of any organization. The behavior of members of any society according to culture, religion, and values ​​follows a set of beliefs and patterns. Understanding consumer behavior requires research and studies in this area to determine what negative attitudes and behaviors are caused by disillusionment to buy the product. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of anomie feelings on feelings of defeat with respect to the role of consumer disillusionment with marketing activities. Methodology The present cross-sectional study was of a survey-correlational type. In terms of the research method, this research is descriptive and applied. The statistical population of this study includes 200 Isfahani consumers. A questionnaire was used to collect the data. In this research, multistage sampling was used and samples from each stratum were selected using the simple random sampling method. Structural equation modeling and SPSS and AMOS software were used to analyze the data. Results and Discussion The results of descriptive statistics show that out of 200 respondents to the questionnaire, 55. 3% were male and 44. 7% were female. The results of the marital status of Isfahani consumers show that 53% were single and 47% were married. The age range of the participant was as follows: 12. 5% ​under 20 years old, 35. 5% between 21 and 30 years old, 22. 5% between 31 and 40 years old, 17% between 41 and 50 years old, and 12. 5% over 51 years old. Also, the education status of the respondents shows that 24% are secondary and lower, 24. 5% have a bachelor’s degree, 35% have a master's degree, and 16. 5% have a doctorate or higher. Also, the employment status of Isfahani consumers indicates that 12% are housewives, 30. 5% are students, 10% are retired, 7. 5% are unemployed, 21. 5% are self-employed and 18. 5% are employees. Based on the research findings, the hypothesis of the effect of social anomie on disillusionment with marketing activities with a critical value of 8. 586 and a regression coefficient of 0. 830 has been confirmed. The hypothesis of the effect of disillusionment on marketing activities on the feeling of recession with a critical value of 5. 002 and regression coefficient of 0. 682 has also been confirmed. The hypothesis of disillusionment with marketing activities on the feeling of loss with a critical value of 4. 385 and regression coefficient of 0. 596 has been confirmed. The hypothesis of disillusionment with marketing activities on the feeling of satisfaction with a critical value of 4. 670 and a regression coefficient of 0. 611 has also been confirmed. The hypothesis of the effect of the feeling of social anomie on the feeling of loss has been confirmed with a critical value of 8. 872 and a regression coefficient of 1. 693. In addition, the hypothesis of the effect of the feeling of social anomie on the feeling of satisfaction with a critical value of 8. 270 and regression coefficient of 1. 378 has been confirmed. The hypothesis of the feeling of social anomie on the feeling of stagnation with a critical value of 8. 984 and regression coefficient of 1. 698 has been confirmed. Also, the three hypotheses regarding the indirect effects of the feeling of satisfaction, feeling of stagnation, and feeling of loss were confirmed due to the fact that p values were ​​less than 0. 05. Conclusion The results show that the feeling of social anomie, both directly and indirectly, has a significant effect on the dimensions of defeat with the mediating role of frustrated behavior towards marketing activities. Consumer disillusionment can be caused by a misconception about the society, or by inappropriate marketing activities, which over time, can affect individual characteristics as well.

The present study seeks to deal with emotions and gender from a sociological perspective. Emotions and gender are social and cultural components. Socio-cultural variables at the micro and macro levels play a crucial role in gender reconstruction as well as in positive and negative emotional actions of social actors. The importance of this matter configures the structure of this study. It emphasizes on the feeling of unhappiness in the process of development through numerous types of emotions. To investigate the feeling of unhappiness between the two sexes, a theoretical framework devised from the theoretical approaches of the sociology of emotions and gender to investigate questions and hypotheses. A survey methodology was used in order to answer the questions and examine the hypotheses. Subjects of this study were students of Allameh Tabataba’ i University; they were selected by a survey methodology with a sample size of 381 people. The foremost vital results showed that the feeling of unhappiness was higher among MA students and among other students with a moderate socioeconomic base rather than students with other degrees. Among the effective sociological variables on the feeling of unhappiness, inability to manage emotions, feelings of powerlessness, nonconformity and social disapproval affect the unhappiness feeling of male and female students. It can be argued that place of residence is the effective variables affecting the unhappiness of female students.

Security is as old as mankind's history, and its record is simultaneous with the concept of community and society. The literal concept of security is lack of threat against dominating values in a society from objective point of view, and from subjective point of view, it is the same as security feeling, itself. Security feeling means being secure or feeling that our life, properties, identity and values are safe and are not threatened and damaged. In other words, security feeling means not being worried about providing the reasonable needs of individuals at present and in future. Today, when interpreting the word security we not only concentrate on lack of threat, some desirable conditions are considered for materialization of collective objectives and requests. The discussion is based on a subjective and interpretative vision on in-secular hazards and emphasizes on software capabilities and in-secular capitals.One of the in-secular capitals emphasized on is social capital. Social capital assists people and groups in having access to public interests like security and its feeling, and effective performance of governmental organs. The statistical population of the present research is Tehrani citizens of over 18 years. According to the latest statistics, the over 18 population of Tehran is 3153072. Sampling method is random-cluster. Cochran formula is used for determining the volume of the sample, 663 persons. The tool for collecting information is a standard questionnaire for measuring the level of security feeling. A self-made questionnaire is used for assessing social capital, the present research is of correlation type. In order to analyze the data resulted from implementation of research tools, descriptive indices related to demographic factures and major variables of the research (social capital, variable) and graphs related to them are calculated and drawn. In the inferential methods, a significant correlation coefficient, multi correlation coefficient, correlation coefficient, path analysis and frequent measurement, used for testing the research hypotheses and answering the research questions. The results are displayed in separate tables. Some statistical software, especially SPSS (18), statistical (8) and Lisrel used to analyze the data. Finally, the research hypotheses expressing the positive impact of social capital (social trust, social norms, assumptions, structural social capital (social networks, society communications, and individual characteristics of citizens on security feeling (vital, economic, social, honor) approved. According to the results of the focal correlation analysis, among structural social capital constituents, the constituent of social communications with weight of 0.301 compared with the constituent of social networks with weight of 0.212 is of higher importance and has had the most impact in building this variable.

Everyone is aware of the importance of security and security feeling. Just imagine that a community enjoys all the required facilities; however, the public could not benefit from the facilities and could not lead an easy life. Our major theory in the present research is that there is a relationship between the extent of using media and security feeling among Tehrani citizens. In other words, the more Tehrani citizens use media the less secure they feel, and vice versa.The research is of survey type and the required information is collected through using a questionnaire. As far as the under-survey community in this research includes the 22 municipality zones in Tehran, sampling was made proportionate with volume of the population. N=420 which were selected through using Cockran formula.According to the findings of the survey, there is a reverse relationship between using media and security feeling. In addition, there is a significant relationship between different age groups and security feeling.