The influenza Viruses, belong to the orthomyxoviridae and regarding to the epidemiology of worldwide respiratory diseases are inportant zoonoses.Avian Viruses have many subtypes, but four of them have high pathogenicity in human: H5N1, H7N3, H7N7 and H9N2. Avian Viruses may change their hosts. Adaptation of Virus with a new host has a complex process mostly unknown:1. adaptation to new cell surface receptor.2. changes in cell tropism.3. innate immunity.4. mechanisms of transmission.Influenza A (H1N1) Virus passed through these biological borders in 1918 and appeared as a new virus with high similarity to swine origin influenza Virus (S-OIV) and seasonal Virus. Influenza A (H9N2) Virus is a zoonosis and poultry is the main host of this Virus. The pathogenicity of H9N2 in human is low. But with increasing the recognition of seasonal influenza Virus receptors, it would be candidate of next pandemic.In treatment of pandemic influenza, (H1N1) oseltamivir and oral Neuroaminidase inhibitors usually are resisted. But Zanamavir is efective. Ribaverin is a nefective drug in A and B influenza Viruses, in seasonal influenza Ribaverin and Adamantane are sugestive.Aspirin as an antipyretic in these patients especially children, because of Reye synd is not recommended but other sedatives like acetaminophene are useful. Remaining at home, bed rest, washing hands and using mask is preventive and recommended.

Introduction: Influenza H1N1 (Swine Flu) caused by any virus of Orthomyxoviridae family, that is endemic to pig (swine) populations. Swine endemic strains are called swine influenza virus (SIV) and all known strains of SIV are classified as Influenza virus A (common) or Influenza virus C (rare). In general, this virus is not common among humans, but some cases of human infection reported recently. In human, the symptoms of swine flu are similar to those of influenza and influenza-like illness and including fever, cough, pharingitis, body pain, headache, chill and fatigue. Some cases present with diarrhea and vomiting.  Conclusion: According to emergence of new cases of the disease in some countries, awareness of physicians and all of health care workers is necessary. Furthermore, general information on the distribution and transmission of disease and means of prevention should be given to general population via mass media. Entrance to phase 6 of pandemic, needs interoganizational cooperation to control the diseade.

Introduction: Swine flu is the present focus of the world. It affects millions of world population and result in many social impacts.1 This disease is caused by the novel H1N1 influenza virus infection. The main manifestation of H1N1 influenza is the acute febrile illness with respiratory signs and symptoms.

Background: This year’s new H1N1 flu strain has rapidly become a serious threat worldwide. This pandemic calls for urgent preparedness to mitigate its impact as much as possible. Employing this knowledge, we simulated a model of the outbreak of H1N1 in two cities of Iran (middle size: Kerman and metropolitan: Tehran).Methods: We developed a compartmental model to predict the expected number of patients who might develop severe (S), very severe (VS) disease or die (D). We assumed that, in winter, the Basic Reproductive Number (R0w) would reach 1.6 in Kerman and 1.8 in Tehran, respectively.Corresponding figures in summer varied from 1.2 (R0sMin) to 1.4 (R0sMax) in Kerman and from 1.3 to 1.5 in Tehran. Moreover, we checked the effect of the number of imported infectious cases at the beginning of the outbreak based on predictions.Results: A minimum lag of six months was observed between introduction of the virus (June 2009) and beginning of the outbreak (December 2009). The lag was sensitive to the number of infectious cases and the R0: a lower R0 postponed the peak. In Kerman, with R0sMax of 1.4, the number of S, VS, and D were 2,728, 546 and 468 respectively. Corresponding numbers in Tehran with R0sMax of 1.5 were 83,363, 16,673, and 14,291.Conclusion: Since the number of S and VS cases would be crowded over a short period of time, the health care system most probably would not be able to provide appropriate services unless special measures are taken in advance. By reduction of R0 and the number of introduced infectious cases the peak of the outbreak might be postponed to the end of 2010. This would provide a golden opportunity to vaccinate a considerable proportion of the population.

Human infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) viruses present a serious and highly complex public health challenge. In May 1997, the first human case of H5N1 virus infection was identified and by the end of the same year a total of 18 cases had been confirmed. In 2003 and 2004, H5N1 viruses re-emerged and spread rapidly among poultry in several Asian countries with associated human infections. Since February 2003, millions of birds have been infected and more than 360 human cases recorded, with more than 230 deaths in 12 countries in Africa, Asia and Europe.

The outbreak of SARS in 2003 showed that even a disease with a relatively small health impact can have a major economic effect. Globally, SARS is believed to have infected around 8000 people, killing 800 (1). The Asian Development Bank estimated that the economic impact of SARS was around $18 billion in East Asia, around 0.6% of gross domestic product (2)….

The Spanish flu outbreak is one of the historical catastrophes in southern Iran, Kerman province, and the city of Kerman, which wiped out most of the population. The epidemic began on October 29, 1918, and continued until 1920 in several waves. Within three years, the people of Kerman, due to a Persian famine and disease, were reduced from 50, 000-60, 000 to around 25, 000-30, 000. In rural areas of Kerman province, there were up to 100% deaths. It effectively killed half the population of the city and caused severe damage to its demographic context and economic development. A rather unpleasant remnant of the epidemic is Tandarestan Cemetery in Kerman, which is the burial place of many people and celebrities, such as Nazim al-Islam Kermani (1861-1918), a famous historian, writer, and journalist. This article explores the importance of local medical history in Kerman, the effects of the flu outbreak, World War I, and the presence of the British that led to an artificial famine and malnutrition. Finally, the role played by this colonial government in amplifying the flu outbreak, the wrong prescription of opium, and the decimation of the city. This study examines the type of Spanish Flu Pandemicin Kerman, the death toll, and the treatment of British troops for the people.