In this article we will first propose some definitions of generation gap, generation discontinuity, and generation difference, and amongst all of them, the generation gap will be emphasized as a social problem in Iran. Data shows that in both national research projects of 1379 and 1382, there are no significant mean difference between youth and older generation, as far as, the religious values, political values and social values are concerned. In some areas the mean difference among youth and older people have not been much different.

with studies conducted on more than 40 domestic and foreign articles during the years 2020-2023 in related databases that dealt with various dimensions of the impact of the Covid-19 virus, it is possible to identify the generational object of Corona among teenagers. And the youth, in whom the formation of a generation takes place, because they have experienced a huge inequality between generations, and considering its impact on indicators such as education, economy, social and cultural relations, the impact of this crisis on their generational life. It was seen more than others. Based on this, the pattern of the pandemic generation can be recognized according to the index of the impact of an omnipresent deadly disease in the world. That entity of a new generation was proposed as the Corona generation. The findings showed that by recognizing this generation, the challenges facing them can be examined and better plans can be made for their future. The research method is descriptive-analytical and has been done with a survey tool.

The growing penetration of renewable energy resources has posed serious technical and economic challenges to day-ahead generation scheduling in power system. Due to the stochastic nature in generation of these resources, providing the requirement flexibility to cover their uncertainty and variability has become an important issue. Among the resources to supplying this product are fast units such as gas units that using their non-spinning ramping capacity can reduce the need for spinning operation of expensive units, while providing the required flexibility of the power system. On the other hand, according to the acceptable approach of electricity markets, paying attention to maximizing social welfare in day-ahead scheduling is of great importance, which requires simultaneous energy and reserve clearing with ensuring resource adequacy in case of generation fluctuations of renewable units. Therefore, in this paper, adaptive robust optimization based on column-and-constraint generation method has been used to solve day-ahead generation scheduling problem by exploiting the potential of fast units, under the high penetration of wind generation resources. Examination of the results on the IEEE RTS24-bus test system indicates that utilizing the potential of fast resources, reduces operating costs by 0. 85%. Also, using column and constraint method, has led to increasing the convergence speed of the problem solving process and achieving the optimal solution in a maximum of three iterations.

In this article, we have initially defined generation and offered a classification. We have briefly reviewed all researches conducted in Iran and abroad. In next part we will study the most prominent characteristics of the "Third Generation" and will try to offer solutions. Then, issues such as thought management based on the intellect, third generation’s political participation, religion’s duty to fill this gap and the role and effects of economic issues have been studied.

In this essay, along with emphasizing on the significance of law in contemporary life, we have referred to its interdisciplinary characteristic feature. We have, then, briefly introduced the first two Iranian legal generations. They are named "founder" and "glossarist" generations and emergence of a third "theorist" one is predicted. Moreover, methodological hindrances in the way of legal development are discussed. To this effect, it is claimed that legal reasoning should move in intra- and inter-disciplinary directions. The fact that legal reasoning in the country has become too technical, far from theoretical analysis, derives from ignoring the necessity of the said move. Furthermore, substantive underdevelopments are taken into consideration. They comprise "jurisprudence and legal theory", "philosophy of rights" and "philosophy of value". Finally, in order to boost the formation of a third legal generation, changes in legal undergraduate education are put forward.

The present article is adapted from a survey on analysis of value orientation (individualistic-collectivistic) differences between two generation cohorts, based on 246, face-to-face interviews conducted with individuals between 18-60 years old who were randomly chosen from Tehran's different districts using stratificated mutli-stage cluster sampling method.The aim of this research is to recognize and compare value orientation differences (individualistic-collectivistic) between the youth (18-29 years old) and the adult generation (40-60 years old), and to measure the relationship of value orientation with current socioeconomic status (objective) and sociolizaiton (subjective) of generations, and to analyze these differences and their cause and effects. Hence, at first, an overview of value orientations of generations and their differences is illustrated, and then, those differences are sociologically analyzed within framework of age stratification or generational class.The data indicate that although the youth is more individualistic and the adult is more collectivistic, finding value orientation differences between the two generations is only sginificant in middle class. Also, the results of power (subjective and objective) variable impact on individualism-collectivism values indicate that the difference of value-orientations among generation cohorts is correlated to the ability of decision making of generation cohorts in strategic domains of their life. The correlation of sex variable and value-orientation is significant. This correlation has been confirmed between youth generation of men and women in terms of individual values. Namely, men are more individualistic than women of the same generation.Findings are also compatible with the assumptions of the theoretical age stratification and structural approach conflict in determining the generation cohortvalue orientations. In fact, this compatibility strongly confirms the basic approach of current study.

Without capacity mechanisms, generation investment in the deregulated power system tends towards boom and bust cycles. Due to lack of significant demand response to electricity price, the cycles may jeopardize supply adequacy or even leads to a black-out in the bust periods. In this paper, encouragement of investment in distributed generations, which is designed by the regulatory body is proposed to reduce the generation investment cycles. The traditional long-term model of generation investment dynamic is modified to model and consider the regulatory policies. Moreover, an optimization model of regulatory policies is also proposed in order to preserve the supply adequacy in power system. Particle swarm optimization algorithm is employed to solve the optimization problem. The proposed model is implemented in MATLAB software. The simulation results indicate the efficiency of the proposed model in improving the boom and bust cycles and preserving supply adequacy.