To evaluate the effects of different treatments on seed dormancy breaking of Notobasis, two separate experiments were conducted at Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, in 2017 with three replications. The first experiment included nine physical, mechanical and chemical treatments (control, surface scarification, intense scarification, one and two weeks of chilling at 4°C, soaking into hot water for two hours without scarification , soaking in 25°C distilled water for two hours with scarification  and acid treatment for six and 12 minutes) based on completely randomized designs (CRD). The Second experiment was hormone priming arranged as a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with gibberellin concentrations (0, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 ppm) and priming duration (12 and 24 hour) as the treatments. The highest seed germination (40%) obtained from 12 minutes of acid treatment. Results showed that seed germination reached to 100% after priming seeds with GA3 concentrations for 12 hours. However, increase the priming durations to 24 hours, significantly declined seed germination to 47% in 200 and 400 ppm of GA3 concentrations. The Increase of GA3 concentrations in 12 hours led to a linear reduction of T50 from 31 hours in 200 ppm to 19 hours in 1000 ppm). In 24 hours of priming treatment, T50 followed a Gaussian function and the highest T50 (92 hours) was obtained from 600 ppm. It is recommended to immerse the seeds for 12 minutes in sulfuric acid and prime with 400 ppm GA3 acid for 12 hours to break dormancy and increase the vigor index.

Parsley, which today is classified as a vegetable, has many properties and is used in food and pharmaceutical industries. The seeds of the native populations of this plant do not have a good germination percentage and many efforts are being made to improve the growth and germination of the seeds. In order to investigate the seed germination rate of native stands and the effect of hydropriming treatment in increasing the germination power of the seeds of these stands, an experiment was conducted in the form of a completely randomized design at four time levels (12, 24, 48 and 72 hours) against the control and with four replications among 24 native stands collected from different parts of the country and two populations with foreign origin imported were carried out. The results showed that the average seed germination percentage of the stands before treatment was 56.7% (the lowest rate was 20% in curled leaf Parsley stand and the highest was 78% in Jiroft 1 stand). Also, the hydropriming treatment had a significant effect at the level of 1% on the emergence of parsley seeds, and its greatest effect was in 24 hours. Also, the highest effect of treatment on Arak, Garmsar and Pich of Tehran was 21.8, 20.9 and 20%, respectively. The least effect of hydropriming was on the population of curled leaf parsley (7.4%). Totally, it was concluded that hydropriming can increase the germination percentage and quality of parsley seeds.

Seed dormancy in Apiaceae family is one of the major obstacles for cultivation and domestication of these species. In this research, two separate experiments were conducted to determine the best treatment for breaking seed dormancy and improving germination in Smyrnium cordifolium Bioss. In the first experiment, effects of three factors including 7 levels of gibberellic acid (0, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg L-1) with pre-treatment with gibberellic acid for 48 and 72 hours and 3 levels of stratification (4, 8 and 12 weeks) and different germination temperatures (5, 10 and 15° C) were investigated in a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with four replications. In the second experiment, the effect of different levels of gibberellic acid (used in the first experiment) in different levels of stratification (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 weeks) on the α-amylase activity and hydrogen peroxide content were studied. The results showed that in all three temperatures, 12 weeks stratification had the highest effect on most measured traits. Also, in most of the stratification periods, the amount of alpha-amylase activity and hydrogen peroxide content increased in pre-treatment with gibberellic acid. Among all the treatments, the combination of 12 weeks stratification along with 500 ppm gibberellic acid and germination temperature of 5 ° C had the highest effect on breaking seeds dormancy of Smyrnium cordifolium Bioss.

The objective of this research experiment is determination and evaluation of percentage of germination, total speed of germination and vigor index of seeds of 9 medicinal plant species. According to the International Seed Test Association (ISTA), different tests including standard germination test with normal condition and standard germination test with prechilling condition were used for determination of percent and total speed of germination of the species. The vigor indices were calculated by following equation: percentage of germination x mean of total length of root and shoot. The results were a function of the results of percent of germination and total speed of germination.

In order to investigate the effect of seed hardening on germination percentage and germination rate of Common bean (Akhtar cultivar) an experiment was conducted in 2008 in seed laboratory of the Islamic Azad University, Shahre-rey branch. The experimental design was completely randomized design with four replications. Five treatments of seed hardening including, 12 hours soaking and 12 hours drying of seeds at three times, 12 hours soaking and 12 hours drying of seeds at four times, 24 hours soaking and 24 hours drying of seeds at tree times, 24 hours soaking and 24 hours drying of seeds at four times and no hardening of seeds (control) were studied. Results showed that the effect of seed hardening on germination percentage and germination rate was significant at p< 0.01. Soaking and drying of seeds in comparison with control treatment, increased germination percentage and germination rate. The highest germination percentage (99.25%) and germination rate (1.77 days) was achieved in 24 hours soaking and 24 hours drying of seeds at four times.