One of the interesting topics to the Muslims, that due to its importance, has been frequently disputed, is the subject of "intercession". The late Ayatollah Maleki Mianaji, in his commentary book"Manahej ol- Bayan", like other interpretors, has discussed different aspects of "intercession", which are reviewed in this essay. For more usage of the readers, the topics of the other work of Ayatollah Maleki, i.e."Badaye ol- Kalam Fi Tafsir e Ayat ol- Ahkam"are also provided there.

Payandani (intercession and mediation) is one of the main theological topics in the opening centuries of the Islamic era. Theologians have haddifferent views on this issue, which along with other theological issues, such as determinism and free will, destiny, justice, and the vision of Allah, was widely discussed by Muslim scholars, and fiercely debated by the Mutazilite, the Asharite and later the Shia. The aim of this paper is to discuss in briefthe formation of Payandani and compare the views of the major Islamic schoolson this topic. Moreover, the researcher attempts totrace this subject in Persianpoetry, especially in the poetry of the distinguished Sufi poets of the sixth and seventh centuries, such as Sanai, Attar, Rumi and Saadi.

The doctrine of intercession is one of the beliefs of Islam about which different opinions have been expressed since centuries ago. Nahj al-Balagha, as one of the most important Islamic texts which has been issued by one of the infallible Imams, contains valuable verses about intercession, which have not been investigated and evaluated from this point of view in previous research. Failure to pay attention to the revelation teachings with the interpretations of the Imams in the school of Ahl al-Bayt, and neglecting the mystical foundations when dealing with religious teachings harms the revealed truths and either lowers the divine knowledge to the level of the mind and language of the common people, or puts it in the closed loop of bigotry as in the understanding of the Salafists or pseudo-Salafists about intercession, which, by casting doubts, have limited God's absolute power and interpreted intercession as a kind of favoritism towards friends and intermediation. This research, relying on the statements of Imam Ali (a.s.) in Nahj al-Balaghah, shows that intercession has an inseparable relationship and connection with the two categories of "love" in this world and "manifestation of deeds" in the hereafter (Al-Hashr) because love is a good deed that a person takes with them from this world to the afterlife and benefit from it in the form of intercession, which is the inner form of love. The manifestation of deeds is the physical and objectified form of the human and heavenly appearance in the hereafter.

intercession is one of the most debated and important topics in Islam which is particularly addressed in Quran and narrations of infallible Imams. There is a consensus among Muslims as far as the concept itself is concerned and it is considered as one of the fundamental principle of Islam and Islamic beliefs. However, the complexity and intricacy of the concept has given rise to various interpretations and brought about differing viewpoints among Muslims. This paper intends to explicate the concept from the viewpoint of Sadr-ol-Mota’alehin Shirazi, one of the great scholars of Islam. A number of questions including, “what is the most plausible approach to understand the reality of intercession?”, “what are the different interpretations of intercession and which one gave rise to differences among scholars?”, “who is the real intercessor and whether there are any other intercessors?”, and “is intercession limited to this world or whether it will be practiced in the other world?” have been raised in this paper and following Mulla Sadra, we have made an attempt to come up with more plausible and scholarly discussion of the questions hoping to have a contribution to the cause of legitimate interpretation of Islamic beliefs.

intercession, terminologically, means a third party’ s mediation in favor of the sinner to be forgiven and is some attempt to ignore the person’ s sin and avoid his punishment. intercession in penal affairs is one of the topics discussed in the Islamic jurisprudence which permissibility and scope in different types of punishments are controversial. Given the decriminalization policy and the existence of this establishment in Islam, studying its scope relying on the jurisprudential sources of Islam i. e. the Holy Quran, Sunna, Idjma (consensus) and intellect is of high significance. In this research, through a library method, after an examination of the verses and hadiths concerning intercession, the authors have determined the scope of intercession in different types of punishments on the basis of dividing crimes into crimes against Allah’ s right and crimes against individuals' rights and concluded that there is no prohibition on intercession before the right owner in crimes against individuals' rights. intercession in crimes against Allah’ s right is not permitted. However, in Taaziri crimes which determination is left to the religious judge’ s discretion, it depends on the latter to accept or refuse intercession taking into account its interests and evils and the requirements of time and place.

Aim: the main goul of this research is to study intercession from the perspective of Mulla Sadra, focusing on the verses and narrations.  Method: the method used in the survey is  descriptive-analytical with the approach of using library tools. Results: The issue of intercession is discussed by Muslim sages including; Shia mystic and philosopher "Mulasadra" explained the world of possibilities on the basis of the rule of Ashraf possibility and considers it as a light that shines on possibilities from God. This divine light and grace must be manifested through and through the possible presence of Ashraf to the possibilities of Akhs in the course of the stages and in the descending arc based on the above rule, the light of intercession is manifested through intermediaries from Ashraf to Madoon. In this process, the intermediaries in the chain of creation are minds and souls. And the general characteristics and in the series of returns are: prophets, saints and scholars. Just as people are related to their nature, natures are related to souls and souls are related to minds. From this point of view, the matter of intercession has levels. Conclusion: Mulla Sadra introduces the strengthening of the connection with the essence of prophecy through the intensity of love and the abundance of attention to the traditions and the increase of dhikr, prayers and blessings. He believes that the truth of intercession is related to the existence of an intermediary in receiving God's light and grace, and it comes back to the same truth in different levels. There is no essential difference between the first and second mediators; except that the difference is in terms of strength and weakness or originality and obedience.

intercession, as one of the important theological topics in Islam, has always been the focus of Islamic thinkers. In the following article, an attempt has been made to investigate the view of the Zaidiyyah religion regarding intercession for the perpetrators of major sins with a descriptive-analytical approach. Zaidis have a special view about the scope of intercession by citing the Quranic verses, traditions and rational arguments. Research findingse of the important theological topics in Islam, has always been the focus of Islamic thie of the important theological topics in Islam, has always been the focus of Islamic intercession, as one of the important theological topics in Islam, has always been the focus of Islamic thinkers. In the following article, an attempt has been made to investigate the view of the Zaidiyyah religion regarding intercession for the perpetrators of major sins with a descriptive-analytical approach. Zaidis have a special view about the scope of intercession by citing the Quranic verses, traditions and rational arguments. Research findings

The Leiden Encyclopedia of the Qur’an is among the best and most referred encyclopedias on the Qur’an, whose articles should be reviewed and evaluated as a preface to introducing the real Islam to the public. Its entry for “intercession” has been written by the American orientalist Ms. Valerie J. Hoffman. This paper has critically overlooked this entry in order to introduce to Muslim scholars the orientalists’ intellectual atmosphere and their approach to qur’anic teachings. In this study, reviewing the article, Hoffman’s incorrect opinions on intercession have been criticized employing authoritative Islamic sources and sound arguments. The author’s cursory examination of the qur’anic verses as well as her being inspired by the doctrinal principles of some Sunni schools of thought and the hadiths mentioned in their books which are in contradiction with qur’anic implications and authentic hadiths on the issue, has led to these incorrect understanding of intercession.

The belief in the intermediation of the saints to achieve salvation, known as intercession, is a crucial aspect of the eschatology in Islam and certain other religions, including Mahayana Buddhism. Due to the differing theoretical foundations of Islam and Buddhism regarding salvation, the attributes of the intercessor (shafīʿ or bodhisattva) and the conditions for intercession also vary. This article uses a descriptive-analytic method to evaluate and compare the concepts of shafāʿa (intercession) in Shiism and bodhisattvaness in Mahayana Buddhism, examining the perspectives of both religions and identifying their similarities and differences. The research concludes that, in Mahayana Buddhism, bodhisattvaness is the primary path to salvation, while in Shiism, shafāʿa complements other main factors for salvation, which include the individual's faith and righteous deeds.

In the courts of kings and Amirs of various historical periods, some influential individuals have always been involved in important, explicit and covert government decisions. One of the most prominent manifestations of their influence is the stories of intercession that have been recorded in history. The court officials had friends and foes, and the malignants were sometimes angered by the king. In such situations, the forgiveness and influence of the power-holders could be seen. This library research uses intercession stories and methods of intercession in six valuable historical books based on "Baihaqi History", thus it examines the structure of Baihaqi History by Abolfazl Baihaqi, "Bal’ ami History" by Abu Ali Muhammad Ibn Mohammad Bal’ ami, "Yamini History" by Abu Nasr bin Nasser bin Sharaf Jarfadqani, "Zayn al-Akhbar History" by Abu Saeed Gardizi, "History of Bukhara" by Abu Bakr Mohammed al-Narsakhi, and "History of Sistan", and checks the similarities and differences of their practices. The variety of methods of intercession has the highest frequency in the history of Baihaqi and the lowest in the history of Bukhara. Among their intercession practices, one can refer to their intercession in secrecy, for political or non-political reasons, in the form of advice, prayer, and correspondence. Most intercessions were accepted with specific terms and conditions.