The goal of this research is to study kind of interrelation of China and America and ties of these two countries in Persian Gulf. Thus foreign policy of China since period of Dang Sheaoping with having realistic point of view is seeking to develop and improve ties with America. In this field the goal is to increase cooperation and releasing from any fight at Persian Gulf Region and China during crisis that were happened in recent decades at Persian Gulf selected action based and realistic procedure and step toward releasing from any radical and hasty policy in relation to its national benefits and thus attempted that by not using ideology based policies step toward creating trust and increasing its cooperation with America and also to increase its cooperation with other super power countries to be able to better supply its benefits.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Dams are vital for water management but significantly impact local communities. Balancing development with sustainability requires understanding these effects. The study aims to explore the complex interconnection between dam sustainability, water quality chemistry, and local communities.METHODS: The environmental pillar for Jordanian dams was shaped by climate conditions and seismic activity, while the socioeconomic factors involved intersections density, population growth, and unemployment in the areas surrounding the dams, all of which significantly influence dam sustainability. The Wroclaw Taxonomic Method was used to develop the Index of Sustainable Dams, while the Granger Causality Test assessed causal connections among sustainability pillars.FINDINGS: The study classified dams performance using the Index of Sustainable Dams values. High-performance dams, with values from 0.010 to 0.299, included Kafrein, King Talal, and Wadi Shu'eib dams. Moderate performance, ranging from 0.299 to 0.528, comprised only Kufranja dam. Low-performance dams, with values from 0.528 to 0.937, included Wala, Wadi Arab, Zarqa-Main, and Mujib dams. Moreover, the findings reveal that the dams were significantly influenced by chemical factors (electrical conductivity and the biological oxygen demand to chemical oxygen demand ratio). An average electrical conductivity of 1116 microsiemens per centimeter negatively affects dam sustainability and community engagement, highlighting water salinity's detrimental impact. Conversely, a biological oxygen demand to chemical oxygen demand ratio of 0.09 positively influences sustainability and agricultural productivity, suggesting more efficient organic matter processing in well-functioning systems. Additionally, 8.6 percent of agricultural employment and 1.4 percent of female participation play crucial roles in shaping dams sustainability.CONCLUSION: Strong bidirectional causal relationships were observed between dams sustainability and changes in employment opportunities in the agricultural sector. Dam managers can use the index for Jordanian dams to pinpoint weaknesses, prioritize improvements, and track progress for enhanced sustainability.

Corruption is a worldwide problem that hardly one can overstate about its negative consequences. Two kinds of corruption can be considered, one is proposing bribe to bend the rules (bureaucratic corruption) and the other is to lobby with the government (political corruption) to set favorable new rules. Through analyzing the two types of corruption in 57 countries, the results show that political and bureaucratic corruptions are complement. However, this complementary relation is not symmetric; bureaucratic corruptions has a greater effect. It was shown that economic development reduces the bureaucratic corruptions and substitutes it by political corruption. Among governance and political factors, efficiency of judiciary system brings bureaucratic corruptions down and other variables like difficulty of access to government, uncertainty of regulation and the proportion of health expenditure in public budget as indicators of government behavior in policy making have negative effects on political corruption. One prominent contribution of this paper is its focus on social factors like bribery disapproval and culture of collusion. The results point to the great role of social factors such that a 10 percent increase in bribe disapproval decreases the corruption score by 20 (it could, for example, improve Iran’s position by 75 in Corruption Perception Index ranking). The effect of business cooperation is also significant. A five percent increase in membership of business cooperation leads to one percent higher influence on government.

Introduction: Manganese is an essential trace element. There is a little evidence for deficiency of manganese in human. Whereas its toxicity has been reported in several cases. Manganese toxicity occurs in humans exposed to high environmental concentrations (for example workers in the dry battery industries) and may be particularly important in the neonatal period. The chemical similarities between manganese and iron, may lead to the disturbances of iron metabolism. Therefore, the interference of Mn with Fe metabolism by In vivo studies, has been investigated. Methods & Material: In the present project, we used rats. Injection of manganese was carried out by using MnCl2 4H2O, with cancentration 100 mg/ml. Seven group of male rats were selected, so that each group included five rat and manganese injected in their perituneum. Results: The data of this study indicate that factors such as serum iron; TIBC; UIBC and pure transferring reduced to 9-40 percent, whereas serum manganese significantly elevated. Thus, manganese can interference with iron metabolism. Discussion: The data that has been presented in this article elucidated the probable mechanism by which Mn interference with Fe metabolism; which result in the appearance of anemia.

Such categories as culture and religion have been regarded as the most essential elements of soft power in each country of today. Interweaven state of the two elements forms a considerably powerful and useful phrase as religious culture, the vital agent of authority and development societies. As is understood by the paper, in a mental definition by culture is meant public awareness on the environment while in a reality-based definition by it is meant the state and spirit ruling social and environmental attitudes and interactions. Such being the case, by religious culture is meant the same meaning in the case that it has been based upon religious teachings. Needless to say, religious culture is the obligation-based aspect of social culture. The method used in the paper is a library-based and descriptive-analytical one.