The purpose of the present paper is to show the influence of English on the language of the people of Māhšhr, as a result of the encounter of the local people with the English who had come to Māhšahr after they hit oil in the city. This influence is especially noticeable in the areas of vocabulary and pronunciation. The writers try to show how English words are pronounced by the local people and to what extent English words are common in the city.  

The Japanese language is full of loan-words, perhaps more so than in any other language. Professor Rajabzade tells us that the number of these imported words, which deal mostly with some aspect of modernism or Western lifestyle, reached 30,000 in the 1980's. Most of these, called gâirâigo in Japanese, are originally English, but they have been adapted to the Japanese phonology. For instance radio has become rajio and automation has been transformed into ôtomeshon. One can also find in Japanese loan-words from other European languages and also from the Middle East. Pirâfu (from the English pilaff, which is itself a corruption of the Persian polow) and ldyosulat (from kiosk in English and ultimately from kushk in Persian) are two such words.In this paper, the author examines the question of loan-words in Japanese in depth and at length, and starts off with a historical account of how Japan borrowed Chinese ideograms in the 3rd century to produce a writing system of its own (which has become known as kanji) and how later two phonetic alphabets (hirâgânâ and kâtâkânâ) were developed to record the pronunciation of foreign words. With the arrival of the first European traders and Christian missionaries in Japan in the middle of the 16th century, a few European words found their way into Japanese, but this trickle became a torrent after the Meiji Restoration in 1868, when Japan decided to modernize its society and catch up with the West.Many of the first loan-words were for things which had not existed in Japan previously, but the author finds that some Japanese citizens are now using foreign loan-words for objects or practices which already have-a Japanese name, for example kisu (= to kiss) in place of the Japanese seppun. This is not only a linguistic phenomenon but also a sociological one, and cannot be explained on purely linguistic grounds. According to the author these users of foreign terms may be trying to impress their listeners with their modern attitude and worldliness.Much debate is currently going on in Japan about the question of loan-words and the difficulties of the Japanese script, and the author believes that the question is far from settled and in the meanwhile, fresh borrowings of foreign words into Japanese will continue.

One of central bank regulations that has direct impact on the banking industry is loan benchmark interest rate. Banks use it as a reference rate to determine their loan interest rate. In this paper, we study the role of loan benchmark interest rate on banking loan dynamics. The model is in the form of a difference equation that follows a gradient adjustment process. We study the loan equilibrium's stability via bifurcation theory. It is found that the benchmark rate must be set between the flip and transcritical values. Some numerical simulations are performed to confirm the analytical result. The stochastic case of the benchmark rate is also studied. In addition, we perform numerical sensitivity analysis of the benchmark rate with the model's other parameters.

One of the issues raised in banks loan account which aims to help the needy and the benefit does not apply to these accounts, but banks are the lucky draw prize to people who are opening this account. This has caused some people attempted to open an account to get the prize and represents one of the former lottery that people bought raffle tickets to win rather than help the needy. This has caused some bring banks an institution's raffle. The auther seeks to express the fact that despite the similarity of the prize to former raffle, it is permissible.

This article deals with the Persian loan words used in Bhtry poetry. These words show clearly how Abbasid poetry was influenced by Iranian culture and civilization.

Khadive, one of the east Middle Iranian loan- words in Persian, has two meanings: "king, lord" and "The Lord, The great and the only god". This word, like its equivalent words in other Iranian Languages, is calqued from the greek / au¢tokra¢twr /auto-krator/ meaning "self-potent, potent by himself". This greek word, and its calqued forms in Iranian languages, is related to political domain and means "king, lord". Later, it is also used as "The Lord, The great and the only god" in Iranian languages. In this paper different usages of "Khadiv" is studied in Firdowsi's Shahnameh.

Among the tools which are used for risk management in most banks of the world is the conversion process of bank claims into securities. This process can fulfill objectives such as increasing liquidity, expanding and diversifying activities, reducing liquidity and credit risks, and improving banks' capital adequacy ratio (CAR). Asset securitization is a process in which financial intermediaries including commercial banks directly sell exchangeable securities to investors; it is one of the main solutions for generating cash flow in the banking sector. This process is a major financial innovation which was invented for the first time in United States of America in 1970s and deeply influenced the role of financial intermediaries in capital market. Since then, due to the increased world demand for money, banks have felt the necessity of applying this technique and, accordingly, have sought to change their strategies. This tool which has been applied in the world for more than 40 years is not at its operational stage in Iran yet. In the present paper, after investigating different securitization processes and their use, the concept, process, and advantages of converting banks' credit facilities into securities for reducing credit risk are stated.

Non-Arabic words keep attention of Arab lexicologist Abol Ala from long ago, and each scholar has a special attitude toward this problem. Abol Ala Mo'arri as one of the great philologist pays attention to this issue and has many researches in this matter.This research based on critical-analytic approach tries to determine basic views of Abol Ala's attitude toward this problem, and appeared through research and induction that he was proceeding from comparing between Arabic & Persian words and dealing with Persian as the most effective on Arabic. He shows great knowledge of Persian language, and mentions the origin of Arabicized word and deals with its changes, when it takes the Arabic form. Ignorance of Arabic origin in Abol Ala's method appeared in two aspects: first in negative affirmative, by denying Arabic origin, and second in vindicatory aspect by affirmation, according to its application by old scientist, and to avoid this problem he relies on Morphological data and takes the rhyme and prepositions as a standard to identify word's origin, and he deals with indicator and connotation based on logical base and returns every indicator to its origin meaning.