The basement of Kopet-Dagh basin is formed of pre-Jurassic rock units. The exposed units in Aghdarband area were strongly deformed during Hercynian, Cimmerian and Alpian orogenies. Hercynian orogeny generated metamorphism of green schist facies with strong faulting, whereas Cimmerian orogeny caused Triassic thrust faulting. Alpine orogeny (Paleogene to Recent) causesd the folding of sediments of the Kopet-Dagh basin and had formed initially thrust faults and then, oblique slip faults (strike slip with reverse movement) in the region. These faults are still active.Rock units in the basement contain sedimentary and igneous rocks. The sedimentary rocks are composed mainly of volcanogenic siliciclastic sediments, including conglomerate, sandstone and shale (Devonian to Triassic age).The small outcrops of igneous rocks are exposed in the southwest of the Aghdarband area and include two rock units: 1-Darreh Anjir ophiolith complex that contains gabbro and ultramafic rocks.2- Acid tuffsThese rocks were mixed with ophiolithic rocks by thrust faults and appeared in the form of thin nappes.

Background and Objective: The illustration of the concept of oneness by an artist requires a specific definition of architecture that is able to expand its physical and structural indices and aesthetic instrumentation into a spiritual framework. This attitude is in compliance with the tectonic concept. Tectonic in architecture has two key interpretations: Theory of internal structure of artistic work and the formation and linkage of form elements to achieve harmony. This paper has two goals: First, the principles and criteria of the oneness of architectural work to investigate the compliance of its core and artistic forms and second, the assessment of four great architectural works of contemporary architecture in Iran based on these criteria to measure the compliance of the core and artistic forms. Material and Methodology: This was an applied descriptive-analytical study. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to assess the compliance of core and artistic forms of the samples based on the given criteria and goal. Findings: Results showed better compliance between the core and artistic forms of the Senate (Islamic Consultative Assembly) building than the other three works (Azadi Tower, Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art, and City Theater of Tehran). As a result, this building has greater compliance between the technical and conceptual-semantic dimensions. Discussion and Conclusion: Findings of this study direct architectural discussions towards using the tectonic expression as an instrument for harmonizing and integrating aesthetic and technological subjects in the design process of the contemporary works.

Introduction: Given that Iran is located on the Seismicity belt of Alps-Himalaya and since we occasionally have seen huge and destructive earthquakes such as Bam and Tarom, the investigation and study of active tectonic and assessment of threat and risk of such damages in big cities are very important. Zayandehroud River, is known as the greatest and most famous permanent river of the Center of Iran on which the Zayandehroud dam has been established…

In the last three decades, researchers have begun a wide-ranging effort to elucidate the causes of sedimentary cracks in the plains and have often attributed such gaps to excessive groundwater harvesting. Although subsidence in these plains has been proven credible by scientific documents, its relevance to water abstraction from underground aquifers has been subject to some uncertainty, as the "shag" or "drum" phenomenon has been pre-empted by many Iranian peasants. The adoption of diesel suction technology and deep wells has been a well-known phenomenon. On the other hand, subsidence is not confined to low-negative plains and positive-low plains. This evidence led to the observation of the behavior of these plains in terms of water abstraction from aquifers and tectonic motions to clarify the cause of this issue by relying on different types of documents and empirical modeling of the underground in both dynamic and static conditions. The results of this study show that: * The phenomenon of drumming or drumming, which most scholars attribute to the overwhelming harvest of underground aquifers, has a much longer historical history, so that this phenomenon before many diesel diggers and digging wells for many Iranian peasants. The phenomenon has been experienced and recognized. In the last three decades, researchers have begun a wide-ranging effort to elucidate the causes of sedimentary cracks in the plains and have often attributed such gaps to excessive groundwater harvesting. Although subsidence in these plains has been proven credible by scientific documents, its relevance to water abstraction from underground aquifers has been subject to some uncertainty, as the "shag" or "drum" phenomenon has been pre-empted by many Iranian peasants. The adoption of diesel suction technology and deep wells has been a well-known phenomenon. On the other hand, subsidence is not confined to low-negative plains and positive-low plains. This evidence led to the observation of the behavior of these plains in terms of water abstraction from aquifers and tectonic motions to clarify the cause of this issue by relying on different types of documents and empirical modeling of the underground in both dynamic and static conditions. The results of this study show that: * The phenomenon of drumming or drumming, which most scholars attribute to the overwhelming harvest of underground aquifers, has a much longer historical history, so that this phenomenon before many diesel diggers and digging wells for many Iranian peasants. The phenomenon has been experienced and recognized. In the last three decades, researchers have begun a wide-ranging effort to elucidate the causes of sedimentary cracks in the plains and have often attributed such gaps to excessive groundwater harvesting. Although subsidence in these plains has been proven credible by scientific documents, its relevance to water abstraction from underground aquifers has been subject to some uncertainty, as the "shag" or "drum" phenomenon has been pre-empted by many Iranian peasants. The adoption of diesel suction technology and deep wells has been a well-known phenomenon. On the other hand, subsidence is not confined to low-negative plains and positive-low plains. This evidence led to the observation of the behavior of these plains in terms of water abstraction from aquifers and tectonic motions to clarify the cause of this issue by relying on different types of documents and empirical modeling of the underground in both dynamic and static conditions. The results of this study show that: * The phenomenon of drumming or drumming, which most scholars attribute to the overwhelming harvest of underground aquifers, has a much longer historical history, so that this phenomenon before many diesel diggers and digging wells for many Iranian peasants. The phenomenon has been experienced and recognized. In the last three decades, researchers have begun a wide-ranging effort to elucidate the causes of sedimentary cracks in the plains and have often attributed such gaps to excessive groundwater harvesting. Although subsidence in these plains has been proven credible by scientific documents, its relevance to water abstraction from underground aquifers has been subject to some uncertainty, as the "shag" or "drum" phenomenon has been pre-empted by many Iranian peasants. The adoption of diesel suction technology and deep wells has been a well-known phenomenon. On the other hand, subsidence is not confined to low-negative plains and positive-low plains. This evidence led to the observation of the behavior of these plains in terms of water abstraction from aquifers and tectonic motions to clarify the cause of this issue by relying on different types of documents and empirical modeling of the underground in both dynamic and static conditions. The results of this study show that: * The phenomenon of drumming or drumming, which most scholars attribute to the overwhelming harvest of underground aquifers, has a much longer historical history, so that this phenomenon before many diesel diggers and digging wells for many Iranian peasants. The phenomenon has been experienced and recognized.

The Aghdarband .is the only pre-Jurassic basement of the Kopet-Dagh basin exposed in NE Iran. The ophiolithic and igneous rocks of the Kopet-Dagh are exposed in the southwestern part of the study area. This complex divided to three rock units. First unit is ophiolithe melange that contains metaharzburgite, serpentinite and metagabro that are metamorphosed and alterated. Second unit is acid tuffs that forms in the different location at the edge of continental margin (magmatic arc). Third unit is a flysch type metamorphosed sediments that contains sequence of thin bedded shale and sandstone. These rock units are affected by three stage of faulting. First fault series are the thrust faults with northeast dipping. These faults are covered by the Kashafrud Formation (Lower Jurassic). Therefore, they were active during the pre-Jurassic time. In the other words, the subduction in the southern edge of Turan plate produced accretionary prism in trench and these faults were activated during this period. The end of subduction and collision of Iran and Turan plates in latest Triassic time and during Cimmerian Orogeny caused that this complex overriding on the Iran plate margin. Then, erosion of suture complex, including ophiolithic rocks, resulted the deposition of mollase detritic sediments at the base of Kashafrud Formation. Second stage of faulting is related to Paleogene activity where the Kopet-Dagh basin closed. These faults are also dipping toward northeast and displaced all of the sedimentary rock units of the Kopet-Dagh basin. This activity is related to Alpine Orogeny that contemporary closed oceanic basin of Neotethys in the Zagros basin as well as closure of epicontinental sea in the Kopet-Dagh region in the north of Alborz and south of Turan plate. Latest important tectonic activity took place about 5 million years ago after collision of Indian and Asian plates. This collision caused oblique compression and activation of oblique-slip or strike-slip faulting in the study area that is still active today. As a result of these activity, a thin-skinned fold-thrust belt is formed that can be seen in the Aghdarband area.

One of the basic discussions in geosciences is construction of different tectonic zoning maps. In conventional tectonic zoning, not only the great amounts of subjective judgment are involved but also accurate interpretation of high-dimensional data is so difficult and out of human capability. To alleviate these deficiencies, quantitative scientific methods in data mining domain can be applied as an effective and useful tool to construct the new numerical maps in geosciences. In this paper self-organizing map.(SOM) neural network that is one of the common methods in data mining has been applied for numerical tectonic zoning of Iran. SOM is an unsupervised artificial neural network particularly adept at pattern recognition and clustering of high-dimensional data. Visualization of high-dimensional data in two-dimensional topological-preserving feature map is another specific capability of SOM that represent both homogeneity within and similarity between clusters. Although there are some similarities between SOM's numerical maps constructed here and the conventional maps but SOM method is more powerful for identification and interpretation of different zones than conventional methods. Utilizing SOM method enables us not only to evaluate the degree of homogeneity in each zone, but also to separate regions zone that experience similar geological evolutionary despite of their geographical locations. For instance Lut and Gavkhuni zones show more homogeneity than Makran and Azerbayejan zones also Kopeh-Dagh and Zagros are located at different regions, they have similar features. The results obtained here represent separation between Makran from East Iranian Ranges and Western Azerbaijan from Alborz Ranges, too. It is important to recognize that the SOM's results are based purely on the geophysical, geological and seismic features presented previously. So correspondences and differences between the SOM's zones and a given zone based on conventional method must receive careful thought.

Dorungar River Basin is located at Koppet Dagh Mountains in the north of Khorasan Razavi. Basin. Geomorphologic evidences show the continuousness of neo-tectonic activities in the Polio-Quaternary era. The purpose of this study is to evaluate active neo-tectonic area and to compare the results of geomorphic index and geomorphologic evidences such as Modern fault escarpments, lack of foothill, premorse and translocation alluvial fan, drainage basin asymmetry in Dorungar River, rejuvenation terrace and river and its influence on the river drainage network. The study used Landforms’ field visit, geomorphic index (Hi, Bs, AF, Smf, S, VF and SL), IAT classifying indices, topography & geology maps, Remote sensing images and Dem to analyze the neo-tectonic activities in the area. Results showed that the data acquired by geomorphic index and analyzed Geomorphologic evidence, proves that neo-tectonic in the area is active; and based on IAT classifying indices, the area is one of the active area neo-tectonically.

Phenomena’ s which are the aim of the research in the neo-tectonic filed including the all factors, process and functions that are based on the earth new activates and created geomorphic by this activities. Evaluation of neo-tectonic activities based on tectonics indicators on Ali-Abad cay Horand watershed is the topic of this discussion in this research. The recognizing and proofing of neo-tectonic activities and represent the proportion of neo-tectonic activities in different part of watershed was the aim of this study. The method was that at the firstneo-tectonic activities in the watershed distinguishaccording the on the four types tectonic indicators include (FD, SL, BR) and averaged of all indicators. Then we proofed neo-tectonic activities in this watershed and based on the indicators final finding was existence of neo-tectonic activities in the watershed, for these reasons, we used the different data for example: topography and geology maps 1: 50000 & 1: 100000, satellite images an Slop-Fault-Hydrology-DEM-Tin maps, Arc-GIS software. Results showed that watershed neo-tectonic activities based on LAT indicators includes: 50% active-30% semi-active basin and 20% was inactive that all of neo-tectonic activities observed along major fault in the sense of geographic information system (GIS), revealed that the neo-tectonic activities of Ali abad cay watershed active along three major fault and most minor faults and also watershed hydrology system compliance whit fault. We can conclude that authorities and planners should consider these geomorphologic evidence and phenomena in local and regional planning.