ABSTRACT Over the past 50 years since the first research in the field of urban development implementation plans, there has been a noticeable absence of a comprehensive literature review on this topic in the global arena. This article provides a textual analysis related to the subject of urban development implementation plans, to identify important and recurring themes alongside analyzing the relationships between authors, journals, and countries in this field. Along with the bibliographic analysis, documents related to the field of urban development implementation plans were reviewed to identify influential indicators in their implementation. To this end, 456 scientific articles were extracted from the Scopus scientific database as of October 28th, 2022, and analyzed using scientometric software. These analyses include examining author keywords, country co-authorships, journal bibliographic coupling, and author co-citations. In this study, 74 final indicators were identified as the most recurrent indicators in this field. The bibliographic analysis also produced several noteworthy results. The United States is the most active country in this field, with a link strength of 40 and 176 articles. Berke, P. is the most influential author in this field, with a link strength of 1623 and 99 citations. Among the journals examined, "Land Use Policy" has the highest bibliographic coupling strength of 84, and the "Journal of the American Planning Association" has the highest number of documents related to this field, with 22 documents; finally, among the identified. Extended Abstract Introduction The implementation of urban development projects has been a neglected topic in public policy research, despite its critical importance in ensuring the success of such projects. While there have been numerous studies on the factors that contribute to the success or failure of policy implementation, there has been a lack of systematic reviews on the subject of implementation as a whole. This study aims to address this gap in knowledge by providing a comprehensive overview of the implementation process of urban development projects. This study aims to address this gap in knowledge by providing a comprehensive overview of the implementation process of urban development projects. The study begins by collecting and categorizing existing research in the field, focusing on three main questions: -What are the key indicators for successful implementation? -What are urban journals and articles' current trends and performance? -How do countries and researchers collaborate in this area? The study also examines the relationships between authors, publishers, and different types of documents through bibliographic analysis. Ultimately, this study highlights the need for further research and a more structured approach to understanding the implementation process of urban development projects.   Methodology This study examined the literature related to implementation and evaluation plans in urban and land use planning. The authors used the Scopus database to extract and collect data, focusing on combining the keywords "implementation-plan" and "evaluation-plan" in the keywords, abstracts, and titles. Initially, 621 studies were extracted, but 456 articles were selected as the final database after filtering out non-article documents. The authors observed a general upward trend for studies from 1968 to 2022, with a significant increase in the slope of the trend from 2007. However, a slight decrease in studies was observed in 2021 and 2022, possibly due to the global pandemic and the emergence of new related topics. The authors used a four-stage process to analyze the bibliographic subject of the study, including simultaneous occurrence analysis, co-authorship analysis, bibliographic coupling analysis, co-citation analysis, content analysis, and thematic analysis. The authors identified the selected articles' research objectives, methodologies, findings, and main themes and sub-themes. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the literature on implementation and evaluation plans in urban and land use planning.   Results and discussion This research aims to comprehensively analyze the implementation and execution of urban development plans using bibliometrics and systematic analysis. The study considers evaluation as a crucial part of the implementation process and seeks to answer three fundamental questions. Firstly, it identifies effective indicators of implementation and execution globally. Secondly, it examines the trends and performances of new articles and urban journals. Thirdly, it investigates the pattern of cooperation among countries and researchers. The study identifies 74 general indicators that significantly impact the implementation process of urban plans. The results show that "performance evaluation," "effectiveness," "land use," "zonation," "participation," "program quality," and "implementation program" are critical indicators in this area. The study also highlights the importance of evaluation in the discussion of program implementation and its separability from the implementation process. Using the scientometric software VOSviewer, the study analyzed 68 keywords related to the bibliographic topic. "Program evaluation" obtained the first place, followed by "Program implementation" and "Program quality." The co-authorship analysis based on author items revealed that Berke, P. has the highest number of citations and link strength. Additionally, the study found that 72 countries have research in this field, with 22 countries having at least 5 citations that were clustered into 5 clusters by the software. The "land use policy" journal had the highest link strength, and the "Journal of the American planning association" had the highest number of documents related to this field. In conclusion, the study provides valuable insights for policymakers and researchers interested in urban development planning. It comprehensively examines the implementation and execution of urban development plans, identifies effective indicators, and investigates the pattern of cooperation among countries and researchers. The study highlights the importance of evaluation in the implementation process and its separability from the implementation process.   Conclusion The main goal of this research was to fill the gap in research on the implementation and execution of urban development projects in the field, as no systematic review of the topic has been conducted from a global perspective since the first research in this field about half a century ago. Only in some studies, such as those by Talen (1996), Oliveira & Pinho (2010), Rudolf & Grădinaru (2017), has the evaluation of implementation been systematically reviewed, or the systematic review of experiences in a specific urban area, such as the review of various experiences in the Beijing urban area (Chu, 2020). In this research, with the comprehensive approach that the evaluation of implementation is an integral part of the overall process of implementing and executing urban development projects, this process has been examined from the perspective of bibliometrics and systematic analysis of this field. The main difference of this research, which makes it completely new, is firstly having a comprehensive approach to the implementation field, where program evaluation is only an important part of its structure, and secondly, using the scientometric software VOSviewer for the first time in this field. In essence, the conclusive outcomes of this investigation were entirely novel and exhibited some partial congruences with antecedent studies in the domain of appraising and discerning indicators. Significantly, this research has conferred a systematic appraisal of the literature concerning the urban implementation and execution of projects, which is an unprecedented contribution. It should be acknowledged that this is an initial survey of data intended to offer a comprehensive outlook on this scholarly field, and thus it is subject to certain limitations, such as its confinement to the Scopus database. As such, it is recommended that future research endeavors encompass an analysis of additional databases and undertake comparative evaluations of the results. Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution Authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved thecontent of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work declaration of competing interest none. Conflict of Interest Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments  We are grateful to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Since long time ago, the questions such as ethics occupy a place in politics or should we consider politics from an ethical point of view, have been controversial. Specifically, this dispute along with the claim made by modern science regarding the necessity for science to be value-free, have reinforced this general belief that politics and international relations should be free from value judgments. Our question in this article is that does theorizing in social science and especially in international relations theory involve considering ethical considerations? This article explores this belief at the theoretical and meta-theoretical levels in the framework of international relations theories. Having reviewed the principles of IR theories and their approaches towards ethical values, the authors show that first at the meta-theoretical level and especially in terms of methodology, science-value dualism cannot be essentially possible and second, at the theoretical level, we can recognize deep and extensive ethical elements in international relations theories.

One of the important outcomes of the development of world economics has been quick destruction of natural resources and ecosystem of the world. Some feminists believe that ecology is a specific feministic issue and they created something which can be called “ecofeminism”. Before the advent of western exploitation and western sciences, natives had close and friendly relations with the world nature all over the world. Natural forces commonly were considered feminine as they were manifestation of productive powers of vegetation and reproduction.There was a feminine principle that is woman’s specific relations with the nature through production and reproduction, giving birth to a baby, feeding babies and keeping them safe during their growth. This feminine principle was a guarantee that natural environment should not be abused, but it should be attended to and put into operation with care. However, this relation with the nature and natural resources was severely damaged with the advent of western exploitation. And the feminine principle was overturned. Nature which was still considered feminine turned into a passive resource. The overturning paved the way for environment destruction, overuse of the earth and harmful expansion of technology. The only way out of this crisis was to reestablish primitive relation of women with the environment and promotion of returning to the nature. In this way, ecofeminism came to existence. For this reason, ecofeminism is an effort to overcome the shortcomings of the main stream of sociology to respond the ecosystem problems which the world is grappling with. This theory tries to overcome the methodological reductionism of the main idea of feminism by considering the necessary usage of multi-reasoned explanations in studying the superior and inferior relations, and it has thus turned into a promising theory to overcome some methodological, epistemological and ontological shortcomings of feminism.

Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT), proposed by George Lakoff et al., refers to understanding one idea, or conceptual domain, in terms of another. Conceptual metaphor is crucial in the organization of human experience and abstract thinking. CMT has been used as a framework to form interdisciplinary studies. Thus the theory has been expanded through different fields and formed new approaches to analyze old problems in various disciplines such as literature, psychology, and alike. However, this lecture focused on a few methodological restrictions of CMT, such as using limited examples from English, mainly based on intuition, being inattentive to linguistic data from other language families, and restricted use of corpus-based studies. In addition to those methodological restrictions, terminological and conceptual challenges reduce the precision of analyses within this framework. Borders between conceptual metaphor and terms and concepts such as the following are widely uncertain: perception verbs polysemy, metonymy, physiological metaphors of emotion, and synesthesia. The data to show these terminological challenges have been gathered through long-term research on Persian Language Data Base (PLDB) and Persian language literature prose and poetry.

Covert diplomacy is a kind of real conflict, So that today the diplomatic activities of all countries, especially the western countries, are based on covert diplomacy to create relations between countries and governments, as well as at the international level. In fact, covert diplomacy is a manifestation of diplomacy that has established a link with the level of national strategy, it is also a manifestation of strategy that is related to software warfare. Therefore, covert diplomacy is a type of intertwining soft war whose executors must be selected from among intelligent and sophisticated people. In this way, those whose mission is carried out based on covert diplomacy, must have special characteristics and have a proper understanding and theoretical knowledge regarding the issues of foreign policy and covert diplomacy. This research, with the question of what the theoretical approaches to covert diplomacy in intelligence organizations should be, by using the descriptive and analytical method derived from the views of some academic experts and the limited theoretical foundations that have been explained in this regard, believes that Intelligence organizations should be based on strategic management levels, Realize the goals of covert intelligence diplomacy with combined and multiple intertwined methods such as discourse creation at the strategic level, concealment at the operational level, surprise at the tactical level, and pragmatism at the technical level. Nevertheless, it should be noted that covert diplomacy is located in the fluid space of theoretical and practical fields, which always suffers from uncertainty and slips in the direction of other forms of diplomacy (both public and official diplomacy) and its alienating borders in order to achieve its hidden goals. It is decided that it should move in the correct and guided path with correct and purposeful planning and realize its hidden art in realizing national goals through intelligence channels with pre-planned scenarios, otherwise it will face challenges and calculation errors and fragility. .

The theory of "new Islamic civilization" includes two dimensions of civilization and Islam, which has within itself the idea of transcendence, superior civilization, evolution and identity. This theory is the plan of the religious world and the renewal of the religious covenant, and ultimately promotes the evolution of several dimensional for human beings. to move towards the new Islamic civilization, first, the way must be determined by theorizing. Therefore, the author decided to shed light on this theory from a philosophical and historical perspective. this theory can be survey on two macro levels,The first level, as the basic level, includes the philosophy of history. The second level focuses on a historical reading of Islamic civilization. The theory assumes that historical events are continuous and evolving and are never discrete events. The era of Islamic awakening, which has covered the entire Islamic world for about two hundred years, finally led to the Islamic Revolution of Iran. The Islamic Revolution is the product of the historical conflict between the Islamic world and Western civilization and has the latent potential of Islam to create a political system based on religious tradition in the modern era and can be the product of a "new Islamic civilization.

Theoretical principles in environment-oriented disciplines are crucial, serving as the foundational knowledge base for all processes and activities within these fields. Their significance lies in their ability to establish a distinctive identity for these disciplines, differentiating them by their content, methodologies, and values. This research investigates the core concepts and fundamental ideas that underpin architecture and urban planning, linking these theoretical frameworks to knowledge management indicators. Understanding these theoretical foundations is vital as they are informed by knowledge-centric perspectives. Furthermore, recognizing the term "science" within these disciplines necessitates acknowledging existing frameworks and exploring new theoretical fields. The integration of software tools, particularly artificial intelligence, facilitates the application of these theoretical principles through logical algorithms. Therefore, it is essential to comprehend these fundamental concepts, which form the basis for theoretical support across all aspects of these disciplines. In simpler terms, theoretical principles can be viewed as foundational ("Foundation"), their formation as structural ("Structure"), their appearance ("Appearance"), and their application in architecture, urban planning, and urban geography as functional ("Function"). This research utilizes qualitative content analysis, specifically employing artificial intelligence via MaxQDA software. The study's findings enhance our understanding of existing theoretical foundations, enabling their adaptation into environmental scenarios and their application in new contexts and situations. By integrating these environmental scenarios into architectural and urban planning practices, professionals can create more sustainable, resilient, and livable environments, benefiting both people and the planet.

The present article is an attempt to review the ethical, epistemological, and political foundations of educational evaluation. In ethical domain the ethical objectivism and the ethical subjectivism are discussed, and the two main schools of thought, the uteliterianist and intutionalist are presented. In epistemological domain, the naturalist, the empericist, and the pluralist points of views are discussed and the main variables of each are compared. In discussing the political foundations of educational evaluation process, two main points of views, the one emphasizing on the role of the government, and the one emphasizing the role of public are compared and the consequences of each are pinpointed. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of different evaluation models with respect to their relationship, ethical, epistemological, and political concerns.