NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS AND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS AGAINST FIRE | Year:2016 | دوره:1 |Papers Count:3

OVER THE LAST TWENTY YEARS, SEVERAL FIRES IN EUROPEAN TUNNELS HAVE CAUSED SUBSTANTIAL DAMAGE TO TUNNEL STRUCTURES, INVOLVING LARGE COSTS AND IN SOME CASES LONG SHUTDOWNS OF TUNNELS FOR REPAIR WORKS. IN THE NETHERLANDS, CONCRETE TUNNEL STRUCTURES ARE EQUIPPED WITH FIRE PROTECTIVE CLADDINGS SINCE THE EARLY 1980’S.EFECTIS NEDERLAND HAS BEEN ACTIVE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF FIRE TESTING PROCEDURES, SUCH AS THE RWS/EFECTIS PROCEDURE, SINCE 1979 AND HAS PERFORMED NUMEROUS FIRE TESTS ON CONCRETE STRUCTURES FOR TUNNELS WORLD WIDE. SINCE THE LATE 1990’S MAJOR IMPROVEMENTS WERE MADE TOINCLUDE SPALLING OF CONCRETE IN THE TESTING PROCEDURE. IN RECENT YEARS, IN SITU FIRE TESTS ON ACTUAL TUNNEL STRUCTURES USING THE MOBIFIRE MOBILE FURNACE HAS OPENED NEW POSSIBILITIES, BECAUSE SUCH TEST CAN SERVE TO DETERMINE THE FIRE PERFORMANCE OF OLD, EXISTING TUNNELS, WHICH HAS BECOME AN IMPORTANT TOPIC DUE TO THE REFURBISHING OF EXISTING TUNNELS FOLLOWING EUROPEAN LEGISLATION.THE PAPER DISCUSSES THE MAIN TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF PERFORMING SPALLING TESTS ON CONCRETE TUNNEL STRUCTURES, BOTH IN LABORATORY TESTS AS WELL ASIN ON SITE TESTS.

FIRES IN BUSES AND COACHES ARE VERY COMMON AND ON AVERAGE SEVERAL BUSES WORLDWIDEARE INVOLVED IN A FIRE INCIDENT EACH DAY. FOR INSTANCE, IN THE US APPROXIMATELY 160BUS FIRES WERE REPORTED EACH YEAR BETWEEN 2004–2008.

JET FIRES FROM HIGH PRESSURE LEAKAGES REPRESENT A SEVERE HAZARD ONPETROLEUM, PETROCHEMICAL AND GAS PLANTS. THE HIGH THERMAL AND EROSIONLOADS HITTING THE EQUIPMENT AND PRODUCTS CANNOT BE REPRODUCED WITHCONVENTIONAL FURNACES TO EVALUATE THE FIRE RESISTANCE PERFORMANCES.THUS, THE JET FIRE FACILITY ACCORDING TO THE ISO 22899-1 STANDARD WASADOPTED TO SIMULATE THE IMPINGEMENT OF A JET FIRE. HOWEVER, DUE TOTHE ECONOMIC CONSTRAINTS TO PERFORM SUCH A TEST, A VIRTUAL JET FIRE WASDEVELOPED BY EFECTIS TO EXTRAPOLATE SEVERAL SOLUTIONS BASED ON JUST ONETEST. THE AIM OF THIS PAPER IS TO PRESENT THE ASSESSMENT AND VALIDATIONOF THIS NUMERICAL FACILITY. THE THERMAL LOADS FOR TYPICAL EXTERNAL ANDINTERNAL CONFIGURATIONS DESCRIBED IN THE REFERENCE STANDARD ARE MODELEDWITH THE CFD CODE FDS AND COMPARED WITH EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS.THIS ALLOWS A FURTHER THERMAL TRANSFER ANALYSIS INTO THE TESTED ELEMENT,PERFORMED WITH THE FEM CODE SAFIR. THE TEMPERATURE EVOLUTIONINTO THE PROTECTION PRODUCT IS THEN EVALUATED AND EXTRAPOLATION FOR THEPROTECTION COATINGS CAN BE INVESTIGATED.