INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON RESEARCH IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING | Year:2016 | دوره:1 |Papers Count:8

SO FAR DIFFERENT RESEARCHES HAVE BEEN DONE ON HUMAN TIBIA BONE VIA VARIOUS TESTS SUCH AS IMPACT AND TORSION TEST AND THE EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT PARAMETERS HAVE BEEN EXAMINED; FOR EXAMPLE AGE, HEIGHT AND SEXUALITY ON THE BONE RESISTANCE AND STRENGTH. IN THIS PAPER, THE PURPOSE IS, STUDY OF TIBIA BONE RESISTANCE IN THREE UPPER, MIDDLE AND TERMINAL PARTS AS EXPERIMENTAL THROUGH COMPRESSIVE TEST AND FINITE ELEMENT METHOD. IN THIS WAY THAT A TIBIA BONE HAS BEEN CUT TO THE THREE EQUAL PARTS WITH THE LENGTH 30 MM OF THREE UPPER, MIDDLE AND TERMINAL DISTRICTS, AND IT HAS BEEN TESTED AND ASSESSED SEPARATELY AND THE RESULTS HAVE BEEN COMPARED WITH EACH OTHER AT THE END. THE RESULTS OF STRESS-STRAIN CHANGES GRAPH AND FORCE-EXTENSION GRAPH SHOWED THAT PUSHING RESISTANCE IN THE MIDDLE PART WAS MORE THAN OTHER PARTS AND UPPER DISTRICT OF TIBIA HAS LESS RESISTANCE THAN OTHERS, AND TIBIA BONE HAD A FRAGILE AND CRISP BEHAVIOR, AND IT BREAKS QUICKLY AFTER PASSING OF YIELD STRESS.

THIS ARTICLE OFFERINGS THE SIMULATION AND INVESTIGATION AND CONTROL OF A HYBRID SYSTEM CENTERED ON SOLAR AND WIND SYSTEM ENGAGING A DC-DC BOOST CONVERTER AND PERMANENT MAGNET SYNCHRONOUS GENERATOR. MAXIMUM POWER POINT TRACKING CONTROLLERS OF SOLAR PV AND WIND SYSTEM ARE FUNCTIONING ON PERTURB AND PERCEIVE METHOD THAT EXTRACT THE MAXIMUM POWER FROM SOLAR AND WIND SPRINGS. IT NEEDS THE KNOWING OF DC VOLTAGE AND CURRENT OUTPUT OF SOLAR PV AND THE RECTIFIED OUTPUT VOLTAGE OF PMSG MOTIVATED BY A WIND TURBINE. WE IMPLEMENTED LOAD LEVELING THROUGH BATTERY MEANS THAT THE SOLAR–WIND HYBRID STRUCTURE EQUIPS WITH THE BATTERY TO SUPPLY THE LOAD DEMAND. WE DEVELOPED THE MODELING OF THE SYSTEM IN MATLAB AND MPPT CONTROL IS CONSIDERED DURING CHANGING SOLAR IRRADIANCE AND WIND SPEEDS.

THE DETAILED NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS ARE USED TO ESTIMATE THE THERMAL BEHAVIOR OF AN INDUSTRIAL FURNACE (AN ALUMINUM HOLDING FURNACE) HEATED BY A SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL RESISTANCES. ESTIMATED TEMPERATURES ARE COMPARED WITH EXPERIMENTAL MEASUREMENTS TAKEN IN A REAL PROTOTYPE. AS A FIRST APPROACH, THE SYMMETRY OF THE GEOMETRY IS USED TO REDUCE THE COMPUTATIONAL RESOURCES AND ONLY A QUARTER OF DOMAIN IS INITIALLY SIMULATED. NEVERTHELESS THE PREDICTED VELOCITIES FOR THE FLOW IN THE MOLTEN LOAD SUGGEST THAT THE PATTERNS INDUCED BY THE CONVECTION EFFECTS HAVE A THREE DIMENSIONAL BEHAVIOR. FOR THIS REASON A NEW SIMULATION WITH THE FULL DOMAIN IS CARRIED OUT. BOTH SIMULATIONS PREDICT ALMOST THE SAME TEMPERATURES AND ENERGY DISTRIBUTIONS WITH DIFFERENT PATTERNS OF FLOW IN THE MOLTEN LOAD. CHAOTIC BEHAVIOR IS PREDICTED BY THE FULL DOMAIN APPROACH FOR THE MOVEMENT OF THE ALUMINUM BATH, WHICH CORRESPONDS TO PROBLEMS OF NATURAL CONVENTION WITH SMALL DIFFERENCES IN TEMPERATURE AND DENSITY DUE TO THE HIGH THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF THE MATERIAL. ALTHOUGH THE EFFECTS ON THE THERMAL PERFORMANCE ARE VERY SMALL OR EVEN UNDISTINGUISHABLE, VARIATIONS IN THE MOVEMENT OF THE MOLTEN LOAD MAY AFFECT OTHER ASPECTS, SUCH AS FOR INSTANCE, THE METALLURGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE FINAL PRODUCTS.

IN THIS PAPER, A STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF ELLIPTICAL DELAMINATION AND GROWTH OF DELAMINATION ON BUCKLING LOAD BEHAVIOR MADE OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL IS TREATED. DELAMINATION AND GROWTH OF DELAMINATION HAS BEEN DEVELOPED BY USING THE SURFACE-TO-SURFACE CONTACT OPTION IN FINITE ELEMENT METHOD SOFTWARE. SO, THE DAMAGED AND THE UNDAMAGED PART OF THE STRUCTURE HAVE BEEN REPRESENTED BY WELL-KNOWN FINITE ELEMENTS. THE NUMERICAL RESULTS ARE COMPARED WITH THE EXPERIMENTS MADE ON THE SQUARE PLATES. BY USING OF THE RESULTS OF ELLIPTICAL DELAMINATION SIMULATION IN DELAMINATED ZONE AND BUCKLING LOAD BEHAVIOR SPECIFICATION TO THE INFLUENCE OF THE POSITION AND THE ELLIPSE’S DIAMETERS RATIO, TO STUDY HAS BEEN INVESTIGATED ON THE GROWTH OF DELAMINATION BY COHESIVE ELEMENTS TECHNIQUE.

EXTRACTION OF WATER PRESENTED IN CONCENTRATED SLURRY OF CONCENTRATING UNIT OF SARCHESHMEH COPPER COMPLEX IN IRAN, IS PERFORMED IN FILTRATION UNIT, IN ORDER TO PREPARING IT FOR MELTING PROCESS. AGITATOR SHAFT IS ONE OF THE FILTERS COMPONENTS, RESPONSIBLE FOR SUSPENDING SOLID PARTICLES IN THE TANK.THE SOLID PARTICLES PENETRATE UNDER THE SEALING RIBBONS AND BOSH AROUND IT BY ROUNDING OF AGITATOR SHAFT, AND BY ACCUMULATING THERE CAUSES ABRASION AND CORROSION OF THE BOSH AND SHAFT, ESCAPING MATERIALS FROM RESERVOIR, WASTING OF SLURRY AND DISRUPTING AND HALTING THE OPERATION. BY INVESTIGATION OF CORROSION MECHANISM, TWO SOLUTIONS ARE PROPOSED AND EVALUATED AT PRESENT STUDY: SELECTING SUITABLE MATERIAL AND PERFORMING PLASMA NITRIDING HEAT TREATMENT OF PREVIOUSLY USED MATERIAL. IN ORDER TO INVESTIGATE AMOUNT OF ABRASIVE CORROSION OF INTENDED SAMPLES IN COMPARISON TO THE CK45 STEEL, ABRASION CORROSION SAMPLES AND ELECTROCHEMICAL TESTS WERE ACCOMPLISHED ACCORDING TO ASTM- G105.THE SURFACE OF SAMPLES WERE ANALYZED BY SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY AND X-RAY DIFFRACTION TEST. OBSERVATIONS SHOWED NEW SHAFT, PROVIDE MORE PROPER PERFORMANCE AT OPERATION CONDITIONS.

THE HEART IS A HOLLOW MUSCULAR ORGAN OF A SOMEWHAT CONICAL FORM; IT LIES BETWEEN THE LUNGS IN THE MIDDLE MEDIASTINUM AND IS ENCLOSED IN THE PERICARDIUM. THE HEART, IN THE ADULT, MEASURES ABOUT 12 CM. IN LENGTH, 8 TO 9 CM IN BREADTH AT THE BROADEST PART, AND 6 CM IN THICKNESS. THE HEART'S MAIN FUNCTION IS TO PUMP BLOOD TO THE CIRCULATION. ANY DAMAGE TO THE HEART, WILL AFFECT ON THE OTHER ORGANS. THEY ARE FOUR VALVES WITHIN THE HEART, IN WHICH AORTIC VALVE IS THE MOST IMPORTANT AND CRUCIAL PART OF THE HEART. CALCIUM SEDIMENT ON AORTIC VALVE LEAFLETS CAUSES REDUCTION IN THE FLEXIBILITY OF THE LEAFLETS, ONE OF THE MOST COMMON HEART DISEASES. IN THIS STUDY, EFFECT CALCIUM SEDIMENT ON THE AORTIC VALVE LEAFLETS IS INVESTIGATED. FOR THIS PURPOSE, THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODEL OF THE VALVE IS EXTRACTED USING CT SCAN OF THE 33 YEARS OLD PERSON. THE MODEL IS IMPORTED FOR SIMULATION AND STRESS ANALYSIS USING FINITE ELEMENT (FE) SOFTWARE. THIS STUDY SHOWS THAT LARGE STRESSES CONCENTRATION TACK PLACE AT THE BOTTOM OF LEAFLETS. AS CALCIUM SEDIMENT INCREASES, STRESS CONCENTRATION ALSO IN ENHANCES. RESULTS INDICATE THE OVERALL OPENING OF THE VALVE IS CONTRACTED AND CONSEQUENTLY REDUCES THE FLOW OF THE BLOOD.

THE EFFECTS OF DELAMINATION AND DELAMINATION GROWTH ON BUCKLING LOAD ON COMPRESSIVE LOADING FOR E-GLASS/EPOXY COMPOSITE LAMINATES USING MULTIPLE LARGE DELAMINATIONS WITH COHESIVE ELEMENTS HAVE BEEN STUDIED. A NUMERICAL STUDY IS CARRIED OUT TO DETERMINE THE BUCKLING LOAD OF RECTANGULAR COMPOSITE PLATES. FOR THE NUMERICAL (0.90.0.90) S ORIENTED CROSS-PLY LAMINATED PLATES WITH MULTIPLE LARGE DELAMINATIONS ARE PRODUCED BY USING HAND LAY-UP TECHNIQUE. THE RESULTS OF THE DELAMINATION GROWTH OF STRUCTURE OF PLATES ARE FOUND BY CLAMPING FROM THE TWO EDGES BY USING FEM SOFTWARE AND THEN THESE RESULTS ARE COMPARED WITH THE RESULTS OBTAINED BY EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS. IN ADDITION, THE COMPRESSIVE FAILURE LOADS OF COMPOSITE LAMINATES CONTAINING MULTIPLE LARGE DELAMINATIONS ARE FOUND BY COMPRESSION TEST FIXTURE. IT IS FOUND THAT THE LONGEST AND NEAR-SURFACE DELAMINATION SIZE INFLUENCES THE BUCKLING LOAD AND COMPRESSIVE FAILURE LOAD OF COMPOSITE LAMINATES.

AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION IS CARRIED OUT TO ESTABLISH THE PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF A COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINE WHILE USING CERIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES AS ADDITIVE IN NEAT DIESEL AND DIESEL-BIODIESEL BLENDS. IN THE FIRST PHASE OF THE EXPERIMENTS, STABILITY OF NEAT DIESEL AND DIESEL-BIODIESEL FUEL BLENDS WITH THE ADDITION OF CERIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES ARE ANALYZED. AFTER SERIES OF EXPERIMENTS, IT IS FOUND THAT THE BLENDS SUBJECTED TO HIGH SPEED BLENDING FOLLOWED BY ULTRASONIC BATH STABILIZATION IMPROVES THE STABILITY.IN THE SECOND PHASE, PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS AND EMISSIONS ARE STUDIED USING THE STABLE FUEL BLENDS IN A SINGLE CYLINDER FOUR STROKE ENGINE COUPLED WITH AN EDDY CURRENT DYNAMOMETER AND A DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM. THE CERIUM OXIDE ACTS AS AN OXYGEN DONATING CATALYST AND PROVIDES OXYGEN FOR THE OXIDATION OF CO. THE ACTIVATION ENERGY OF CERIUM OXIDE ACTS TO BURN OFF CARBON DEPOSITS WITHIN THE ENGINE CYLINDER AT THE WALL TEMPERATURE ON THE EMISSIONS. THE TESTS REVEALED THAT CERIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES CAN BE USED AS ADDITIVE IN DIESEL AND DIESEL-BIODIESEL BLENDS TO IMPROVE COMPLETE COMBUSTION OF THE FUEL AND REDUCE THE EXHAUST EMISSIONS SIGNIFICANTLY.