IRANIAN INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF ENTOMOLOGY | Year:2015 | دوره:1 |Papers Count:11

THE TWO SPOTTED SPIDER MITE, TETRANYCHUS URTICAE KOCH (ACARI: TETRANYCHIDAE) HAS A BROAD RANGE OF HOST PLANTS INCLUDING FIELD CROPS, GREENHOUSE CROPS, ORNAMENTALS AND FRUIT TREES. HOWEVER, THE SPIDER MITE DOES NOT ACCEPT ALL PLANTS TO THE SAME DEGREE BECAUSE OF DIFFERENCES IN NUTRITIVE AND TOXIC CONSTITUENTS. IN THIS STUDY, POPULATION GROWTH PARAMETERS OF THIS MITE WERE STUDIED ON COMMON BEAN (PHASEOLUS VULGARIS), VETCH (VICIA ERVILIA) AND SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX) UNDER LABORATORY CONDITION (25±1°C, 65±5% R.H. AND A PHOTOPERIOD OF 16 L: 8 D HOURS). FOR THIS, A COHORT OF 100 EGGS OF THE MITE WAS SEPARATELY PLACED ON THE LEAVES OF EACH PLANT IN PETRI DISH. AS SOON AS ADULT MITE EMERGED, MALE AND FEMALE MITES WERE COUPLED ON EACH PLANT AND DAILY OVIPOSITION RATE OF FEMALES WAS RECORDED UNTIL DEATH. REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS WERE CALCULATED AS CAREY AND STANDARD ERROR OF THE PARAMETERS WAS ESTIMATED USING JACKKNIFE PROCEDURE. THE HIGHEST AND LOWEST VALUE OF GENERATION TIME WAS 13.53 AND 11.93 DAYS ON SOYBEAN AND BEAN, RESPECTIVELY. ALSO, THE NET REPRODUCTIVE RATE WAS THE HIGHEST ON BEAN 7.34 FEMALE/FEMALE/GENERATION AND THE LOWEST ON VETCH 4.02FEMALE/FEMALE/GENERATION. FURTHERMORE, INTRINSIC RATE OF NATURAL INCREASE ON BEAN, VETCH AND SOYBEAN WAS 0.16, 0.11 AND 0.13FEMALE/FEMALE/DAY, RESPECTIVELY. COMPARISON OF THE REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS OF THE T. URTICAE ON THESE THREE HOST PLANTS REVEALED THAT BEAN WAS THE MOST SUSCEPTIBLE HOST PLANT TO THIS PEST.

THE SUBFAMILY ETHMIINAE WITH A WORLDWIDE DISTRIBUTION HAS BEEN CONSIDERED AS ONE OF THE SUBFAMILIES OF THE FAMILY DEPRESSARIIDAE. ETHMIA WITH 124 KNOWN SPECIES IN THE PALAEARCTIC REGION IS THE LARGEST GENUS OF THE SUBFAMILY DISTRIBUTED ALL AROUND THE WORLD. IN THIS PAPER, TWENTY-ONE SPECIES OF THIS GENUS ARE LISTED. ETHMIA LEPIDELLA (CHRÉTIEN, 1907) AND E. PUSIELLA (LINNAEUS, 1758) (SUBSPECIES E. PUSIELLA PUSIELLA (LINNAEUS)) ARE REPORTED FROM IRAN FOR THE FIRST TIME AND THE DATA OF THEIR GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION IN IRAN ARE PROVIDED. FURTHERMORE, NEW DATA ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE ETHMIA SPECIES PREVIOUSLY REPORTED FROM IRAN IS GIVEN. AN IDENTIFICATION KEY OF THE IRANIAN SPECIES BASED ON THE STRUCTURE OF MALE GENITALIA IS ALSO PRESENTED.

THE FIRST PHYLOGENETIC HYPOTHESIS FOR THE DECTICINI AND CTENODECTICINI IS PRESENTED BASED ON THE TOTAL EVIDENCE OF MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR DATASETS OF 37 REPRESENTATIVES OF THE TWO TRIBES AND CLOSE TAXA. THE SIMULTANEOUS DATASET INCLUDES 1779 CHARACTERS, OF WHICH 211 ARE MORPHOLOGICAL (DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS) AND THE REST ARE MOLECULAR DATA (MITOCHONDRIAL CYTOCHROME OXIDASE-B, NUCLEAR 28S RDNA, AND MITOCHONDRIAL 16S RDNA). PARSIMONY ANALYSES WERE CARRIED OUT ON EACH OF THE DATASETS, SINGLY AND SIMULTANEOUSLY. THE PHYLOGENETIC TREES OF EACH ANALYSIS WERE COMPARED WITH EACH OTHER AND MATCHED UP WITH THE RESULTS OF PREVIOUS WORKS. AS A RESULT, MONOPHYLY OF THE DECTICINI AND CTENODECTICINI IS REJECTED AND BOTH ARE SUGGESTED AS JUNIOR SYNONYMS OF PLATYCLEIDINI.

VIRULENCE OF THE ENTOMOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS; METARHIZIUM ANISOPLIAE (ISOLATES: M14 AND DEMI001) WAS STUDIED AGAINST THIRD INSTAR LARVAE OF CALLOSOBRUCHUS MACULATUS (F.) (COL.: BRUCHIDAE) BY IMMERSION METHOD. FOR EACH ISOLATES, 5 AQUEOUS SUSPENSIONS (104-108 CONIDIA/ML) WERE PREPARED USING TWEEN 80 (0.02% V/V). RESULTS REVEALED THAT THIRD INSTAR LARVAE OF THIS BRUCHID PEST WERE SUSCEPTIBLE TO BOTH ISOLATES OF M. ANISOPLIAE. THE MORTALITY PERCENTS OF LARVAE INCREASED WITH INCREASING CONIDIAL CONCENTRATION. THE CUMULATIVE MORTALITY PERCENT OF C. MACULATUS LARVAE RANGED FROM 6.67-96.67% AND 3.33-93.33% FOR M14 AND DEMI001 ISOLATES AT DIFFERENT CONIDIAL CONCENTRATION, RESPECTIVELY, 10 DAYS AFTER INOCULATION. PROBIT ANALYSIS DEMONSTRATED OVERLAPING OF 95% CONFIDENCE LIMITS OF LC50 AND LC95 AND SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES WEREN.T OBSERVED AMONG TWO ISOLATES. THE CORRESPONDING LC50 VALUES WERE 1.15×106 AND 1.63×106 (CONIDIA/ML) FOR M14 AND DEMI001 ISOLATES, RESPECTIVELY, WHILE THE LT50 VALUES WERE 5.45 AND 6.68 DAYS. THE MEAN COMPARISIONS FOR CUMULATIVE MORTALITY PERCENT AT DIFFERENT CONIDIAL CONCENTRATIONS INDICATED THAT THE MORTALITY RATES WERE NOT AFFECTED SIGNIFICANTLY BY DIFFERENT FUNGUS ISOLATE AT ANY CONIDIAL CONCENTRATION. THE RESULTS OF THIS STUDY HIGHLIGHTED THE IMPORTANCE OF THESE M14 AND DEMI001 ISOLATES FOR THE BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF C. MACULATUS.

BEETLES OF THE FAMILY MELOIDAE ARE WIDESPREAD IN IRAN AND HAVE SEVERAL ENDEMIC SPECIES. A LIST OF 45 MELOID SPECIES BELONGING TO 14 GENERA COLLECTED IN SOUTHWEST IRAN IS GIVEN. THE STUDIED AREA IS LOCATED WEST OF 52O LONGITUDE AND SOUTH OF 32O LATITUTE WHICH INCLUDES KOHGILUYEH AND BOYERAHMAD PROVINCE AND PARTS OF BUSHEHR, CHAHARMAHAL & BAKHTIARI, ESFAHAN, FARS AND KHUZESTAN PROVINCES. HYCLEUS PIRATA BOLOGNA & TURCO, 2004 IS HERE RECORDED FOR THE FIRST TIME FROM IRAN. THE SPECIMENS MENTIONED ARE STORED IN THE COLEOPTERA COLLECTION OF HAYK MIRZAYANS INSECT MUSEUM (HMIM), IRANIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF PLANT PROTECTION (IRIPP), TEHRAN.

AN INVASIVE SOFT SCALE OF SAISSETIA MIRANDA (COCKERELL & PARROTT IN COCKERELL) HAS BEEN INTRODUCED TO IRAN, FARS PROVINCE, SHIRAZ, WHICH IS RECORDED FOR THE FIRST TIME. THE SEVERAL REPORTS SHOW SERIOUS DAMAGE OF THIS PEST IN URBAN GREEN SPACES. S. MIRANDA OCCURS ON THE STEM OF HOST PLANT MELIA AZADIRACHTA (MELIACEAE). THIS SPECIES IS VERY SIMILAR IN APPEARANCE TO SAISSETIA OLEAE (COLVEE), BOTH OF THEM ARE BLACK, CONVEX AND DORSUM WITH A H-SHAPED RIDGE. S. MIRANDA IS POLYPHAGOUS WITH A WIDE RANGE OF HOST PLANTS AND DESCRIBED ORIGINALLY FROM MEXICO, AND NOW IT HAS BEEN RECORDED FROM ALL ZOOGEOGRAPHICAL AREAS. THIS SPECIES PROBABLY INTRODUCED FROM SOUTHERN AND SOUTHEASTERN BORDERS OF IRAN. IN ADDITION, AN IDENTIFICATION KEY BASED ON TAXONOMIC CHARACTERS IS PROVIDED TO SEPARATE THE THREE SPECIES IN SAISSETIA DEPLANCHE IN IRAN, AND A PRELIMINARY DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS IS GIVEN OF THE THREE SPECIES OF GENUS SAISSETIA IN IRAN PROVIDED.

LEOPARD MOTH, ZEUZERA PYRINA L. (LEP. COSSIDAE), IS A KEY PEST OF MANY FOREST AND FRUIT TREES. ITS SYNTHETIC PHEROMONE CAN BE USED FOR ITS MONITORING AND CONTROL. THE COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE PHEROMONE OF THIS PEST, WHICH IS A BLEND OF E2Z13-18AC (95%) AND E3Z13-18AC (5%), DOES NOT ALWAYS EFFECTIVELY CAPTURE THIS PEST. OTHER BLENDS WITH DIFFERENT COMPONENTS HAVE BEEN MENTIONED IN LITERATURE AS THE LEOPARD MOTH FEMALE-SPECIFIC VOLATILES. IN THIS STUDY, THE ATTRACTIVENESS OF THE REPORTED BLENDS WAS INVESTIGATED, WHICH SHOWED A DIFFERENCE AMONG BLENDS. CAPTURE RATE. E2Z13- 18AC AND E3Z13-18AC ALONE WERE EITHER NOT ATTRACTIVE OR WERE POORLY ATTRACTIVE FOR THE LEOPARD MOTH. HOWEVER, THE BLENDS OF THESE TWO MOLECULES AT RATIOS OF 95: 5 AND 97: 3 ATTRACTED Z. PYRINA. THE RESULTS SHOWED THE SYNERGIC EFFECT OF THESE TWO COMPONENTS. THE MALE LEOPARD MOTH WAS ALSO ATTRACTED BY MOST OF THE BLENDS (3 OF 4 BLENDS) CONTAINING Z13-18AC, CONFIRMING THE ROLE OF THIS MOLECULE AS A MINOR COMPONENT OF THE LEOPARD MOTH SEX PHEROMONE. E2-18AC HAD AN ANTAGONISTIC EFFECT. Z2Z13-18AC AND 18AC DID NOT AFFECT THE TRAP CATCHES. WE CONCLUDED THAT E2Z13-18AC WAS THE MAJOR COMPONENT; WHILE, E3Z13-18AC AND Z13-18AC, WERE THE MINOR COMPONENTS OF THE LEOPARD MOTH SEX PHEROMONE.

THERE ARE NEARLY 1000 SPECIES OF PHLEBOTOMINE SAND FLIES IN 6 GENERA, OF WHICH ONLY THE TWO GENERA, PHLEBOTOMUS IN THE OLD WORLD AND LUTZOMYIA IN THE NEW WORLD ARE MEDICALLY IMPORTANT. GLOBALLY, LEISHMANIASIS IS PREVALENT IN 98 COUNTRIES AND AFFECTS AN ESTIMATED OF12 MILLION PEOPLE WITH ALMOST TWO MILLION NEW CASES PER YEAR. SOME RURAL AREAS OF THE CITY OF AZARSHAHR IN EAST AZARBAIJAN PROVINCE HAVE BEEN REPORTED TO BE ENDEMIC FOR VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS. THIS STUDY IS THE FIRST ATTEMPT TO DETERMINE THE SPECIES DIVERSITY AND DENSITY IN A NEW FOCUS OF VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS IN SURROUNDINGOF AZARSHAHR.

FOUR GENE LOCI COI, 28S (D4D5 AND 28SD6), AND 18S (HELIX 17 UP TO HELIX 50) WERE SEQUENCED SUCCESSFULLY FOR 32 (COI), 29 (18S) AND 30 (28S) SPECIES FROM A SAMPLING OF 36 SPECIES REPRESENTING 29 GENERA OF THE FAMILIES ISSIDAE, CALISCELIDAE, TROPIDUCHIDAE, NOGODINIDAE, RICANIIDAE, DICTYOPHARIDAE, FLATIDAE AND APHROPHORIDAE. ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTING MOLECULAR PHYLOGENIES SHOWS A LOW SUPPORT OF THE RESULTS PRESENTED, PROBABLY DUE TO GENES AND SPECIES SAMPLING BIAS NOT ENOUGH REPRESENTATIVE OF DIVERSITY AND EVOLUTION OF ISSIDOID LINEAGES. WHILE ISSIDAE MONOPHYLY IS NOT CLEARLY RECOVERED, MONOPHYLY OF WESTERN PALAEARCTIC ISSID GENERA AND CALISCELIDAE RESPECTIVELY SEEMS WELL SUPPORTED; HOWEVER GENUS BUBASTIA EMELJANOV APPEARS TO BE POLYPHYLETIC AND SEVERAL OTHER ISSID GENERA REMAIN UNPLACED. THE POSITIONS OF SOME "PROBLEMATIC" TAXA LIKE THE GENERA LOLLIUS STAL, COLPOPTERA BURMEISTER AND BLADINA STAL ARE STILL UNCLEAR ON THE MOLECULAR TREES AND NEEDS FURTHER STUDY.

THE MEALYBUG PHENACOCCUS SOLENOPSIS TINSLEY IS A GEOGRAPHICALLY WIDELY DISTRIBUTED PEST THAT WAS UNKNOWN IN IRAN UNTIL ITS RECENT INVASION WITH POTENTIALLY SERIOUS CONSEQUENCES. A SURVEY OF THE MEALYBUG P. SOLENOPSIS DISTRIBUTION, HOST PLANTS AND NATURAL ENEMIES WAS CONDUCTED IN 2009 - 2015 IN IRAN. SAMPLES OF INFESTED HOST PLANTS WERE TRANSFERRED TO THE LABORATORY IN POLYTHENE BAGS AND WERE MAINTAINED AT ROOM TEMPERATURE (25±50C) AND R.H.45- 60%, FOR 4 WEEKS FOR FURTHER INSPECTION. TO DATE, 219 SPECIES BELONGING TO 159 GENERA AND 70 FAMILIES OF HOST PLANTS, AS WELL AS 30 SPECIES OF NATURAL ENEMIES OF THE MEALYBUG P. SOLENOPSIS, HAVE BEEN RECORDED. FIELD, LABORATORY AND GREENHOUSE STUDIES INDICATED THAT BETWEEN ALL ITS NATURAL PREDATORS, NEPHUS ARCUATUS KAPUR AND HYPERASPIS POLITA WEISE WERE THE MOST SUCCESSFUL AT REDUCING POPULATIONS OF P. SOLENOPSIS. IT WAS CONCLUDED THAT THE HYMENOPTEROUS PARASITOID AENASIUS BAMBAWALEI HAYAT HAS THE GREATEST POTENTIAL AS A CANDIDATE FOR USE IN THE CONTROL OF THE PEST.THIS IS THE FIRST REPORT OF AN ONGOING INVESTIGATION OF DISTRIBUTION OCCURRENCE OF P. SOLENOPSIS, WITH THE EXCEPTION OF HORMOZGAN PROVINCE, IN IRAN. IT IS ALSO THE FIRST COMPREHENSIVE RECORD OF THE PRESENCE IN IRAN OF ITS HOST PLANTS AND NATURAL ENEMIES.

OCCURRENCE OF THE GENUS CARDIOCHILES NEES, 1819 (BRACONIDAE: CARDIOCHILINAE) WAS SURVEYED IN THE NORTHERN PART OF IRAN. CARDIOCHILES NEES, 1819 IS A SMALL GENUS WITH 63 DESCRIBED SPECIES WORLDWIDE AND 27 SPECIES BEING FOUND IN THE PALAEARCTIC REGION. MATERIAL FOR THIS STUDY WAS COLLECTED USING MALAISE TRAPS FROM ALBORZ AND TEHRAN PROVINCES DURING 2010. A TOTAL THREE SPECIES BELONGING TO THE GENUS CARDIOCHILES WERE IDENTIFIED, C. FALLAX KOKUJEV, 1895, C. FUMATUS TELENGA, 1949, C. SHESTAKOVI TELENGA, 1949, OF WHICH C. FUMATUS IS NEWLY RECORDED FROM IRAN. AN UPDATED CHECKLIST OF IRANIAN CARDIOCHILES IS PROVIDED.