NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON WATER CRISIS MANAGEMENT | Year:2010 | دوره:1 |Papers Count:4

IN THIS STUDY BASED ON DATA WHICH WE COLLECT FROM 33 SYNOPTIC AND RAIN GAUGE STATION IN THE FARS PROVINCE, DURING 1350-1387 WE ANALYSED DATA OF SPI INDEX IN SHORT TIME PERIOD (1, 3, 6) AND LONG TIME PERIOD (12, 24, 48) MONTH FROM ALL STATIONS, USING GIS AND DURATION, SEVERITY AND ABUNDANCE OF DROUGHT AND DROUGHT CRISIS THRESHOLD IN DIFFERENT SEASONS ANALYSED. THE STUDY SHOWS THAT THE MOST DROUGHT ABUNDANCE WAS BELONG TO MODERATE DROUGHT YEARS THAT MODERATE INTENSITY DROUGHT IN ALL STATIONS IS DIFFERENT, RANGING FROM 17% TO 46%.THE STUDY SHOWS THAT THE DURATION OF ONE YEARS WAS THE MOST AND DURATION OF 4AND 5 YEARS WAS THE LEAST IN ALL STATIONS AND THE DROUGHT CRISIS THRESHOLD OF WINTER IN THE REGIONS WITH MORE RAIN WAS BETWEEN 267–478 MM AND IN THE REGIONS OF LESSER RAIN WAS 56-162 MM. GENERALLY IN THE SOUTH, EAST, AND PARTS OF CENTRAL AND WEST REGIONS DROUGHT IS MORE THAN OTHER PARTS OF THE PROVINCE.

ENVIRONMENT PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN MAN LIFE AND OTHER LIVINGS. GROUND WATERS, RIVERS AND WATERS ON DAMS ARE IMPORTANT AND NEEDED TO IMPROVE LIFE AND BIOLOGIC REQUIREMENTS (MASSONG, 2005). WE NEED KNOW THEIR MECHANISMS DIRECTING TO OPTIMIZE PHYSICS AND HYDRAULICS DOMINANT. THE KARUN RIVER AS THE BIGGEST ONE IN OUR COUNTRY, IRAN, PASSES FROM DIFFERENT CITIES SUCH AS SHUSHTAR, AHWAZ AND DEZFUL; AND SO AFFECTS ON PEOPLE S LIFE THERE. PEOPLE IN THESE CITIES HAVE INTERACTION WITH IT DIRECTLY ABOUT DRINKING, IRRIGATION AND BOAT TRANSPORTATION. THIS RIVER ARRIVING SHUSHTAR FROM TAKHTE GHEISAR AND IS DIVIDED IN BAND MIZZAN TO TWO BRANCHES, GAR GAR AND SHOTTEIT. GAR GAR IS A DIRECT FOR WATER THROUGH ANCIENT FAN TENS SERIES FOR ENTERTAINMENT. AS A RESULT OF COASTAL ROCKY WALLS ON IT, WATER PENETRATION HAS A SMALL VALUE THERE. IN THIS RESEARCH, COMPARING CURRENT DEBIES IN DIFFERENT YEARS FOR THE GAR GAR BRANCH, WE MENTION HYDRAULIC BENEFITS OF DIRECT RIVER CANAL, SHUSHTAR DOMAIN. IN THIS PAPER WHICH IS RESULT OF ONE YEAR RESEARCH, WE GIVE A MANAGEMENT METHOD OF ENVIRONMENT AROUND RIVERS AND TO PREVENT WATER POLLUTION.

KARST IS A DRY LANDSCAPE SITUATED ON SOLUBLE CARBONATE ROCKS. LIMESTONES AND DOLOMITES WITH UNDERGROUND FLOW OF WATER. ALTHOUGH KARST TERRAINS OF THE WORLD MAKE A RELATIVELY MINOR PERCENTAGE AROUND 10% OF THE EARTH SURFACE BUT THEY PRESENT THE MOST RISK PRODUCING CONDITIONS FOR A FULFILLING IN PROJECT OBJECTIVES AMONG THE OTHER GEOLOGICAL FORMATIONS. IN THIS RESEARCH WE ARE AFTER TO FIGURE OUT THE KARST MAIN PROBLEM, SEEPAGE, IN DAMS AND RESERVOIRS AND STUDY THIS PHENOMENON NUMERICALLY. THE COMPLEXITY OF THE KARST SYSTEM PROBLEMS IN SALMAN FARSI DAM SITE IS SO SERIOUS THAT A VARIETY OF REMEDIAL MEASURES HAS BEEN PRESENTED. AMONG THOSE FIVE MAIN SUGGESTIONS ARE CHOSEN TO BE MODELED. CHOOSING THE BEST NUMERICAL METHOD TO ANALYZE THE KARST PROBLEM NEEDS A COMPLETE STUDY OF ALL POSSIBLE WAYS. AFTER A FULL INTRODUCTION ON DIFFERENT MODELING METHODS WE HAVE A FULL INVESTIGATION ABOUT SALMAN FARSI DAM GEOLOGY AND HYDROGEOLOGY CONDITIONS. COMPLICATED KARST CAVES AND CAVERNS SYSTEMS AND THE DAM RIGHT ABUTMENT FRACTURED FORMATION HAD ENCOUNTERED A LOT OF PROBLEMS FOR THE DAM WATER PROOFING. FINDING THE BEST WATER PROOFING METHOD WAS AN AIM. THE NUMERICAL METHOD CHOSE FOR THIS RESEARCH IS DOUBLE CONTINUUM POROSITY EQUIVALENT (DCPE). OUR MOST IMPORTANT OBJECTIVE IS TO MODEL THE SEEPAGE FLOW FROM SALMAN FARSI KARSTIC FORMATION. THE VISUAL MODFLOW PROGRAM HAS BEEN USED TO GRID THE AREA AND THE DAM CHARACTERISTICS INPUTTING DATA. THE DIFFERENT SUGGESTED TECHNICAL METHODS FOR WATER PROOFING ARE MODELED WITH DCPE AND THE RESULTS ARE COMPARED, ANALYZED AND TABLED. THE DCPE METHOD HAS THREE KINDS OF OUTPUT WHICH ARE THE BASE OF JUDGMENT. "CONSTANT HEAD OUT", "OTHER POROSITY" AND "TOTAL IN_OUT" ARE THE PROGRAM RESULTS WHICH THE LAST ONE HAS BEEN CHOSEN AS THE CRITERIA OF CHOOSING THE BEST SEEPAGE CONTROL METHOD PRESENTED ACCORDING TO THE MINIMUM AMOUNT OF SEEPAGE DOWNSTREAM. THE PROCEDURE, FLOWCHART, ANALYSIS, RESULTS AND CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS ARE PRESENTED IN THIS PAPER.

OVERUSE FROM GROUND WATER RESOURCES RESULTS IN LOWER AVAILABILITY IN FUTURE AS WELL AS CAUSE TO WATER POLLUTION DUE TO ENTRANCE OF THE CHEMICAL INPUTS TO GROUND WATER. REGARDING THE MENTIONED PROBLEMS LOWERING WATER RESOURCES USE MAY BE CONSIDERED AS ATTEMPT TO SUSTAINABLE USE. NOTING THE PROBLEMS, THIS STUDY WAS PERFORMED TO DEVELOP A PLAN CONSISTENT WITH THE OBJECTIVE OF SUSTAINABLE USE OF WATER AMONG THE SELECTED FARMERS. SUSTAINABLE USE OF WATER WAS DEFINED AS REDUCED WATER WASTE. OTHER OBJECTIVES ARE DECREASED WATER, CHEMICAL FERTILIZER CONSUMPTION AND RISK AS WELL AS INCREASED GROSS MARGIN THAT WERE CONSIDERED BY APPLYING MULTI OBJECTIVE PROGRAMMING APPROACH. THE RESULTS OF THE STUDY SHOWED THAT CONSIDERING THE LOWER WATER WASTE DOES NOT LEAD TO WATER USE REDUCTION NECESSARILY, WHILE REDUCING WATER AND CHEMICAL FERTILIZER USE MAY CAUSE A BETTER BALANCE AMONG THE OBJECTIVES. THIS BALANCE NEED TO GROW WHEAT, WATERMELON AND BEEN IN CROPPING PLAN.