NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MANAGEMENT AND HUMANITIES SCIENCE RESEARCH IN IRAN | Year:2018 | دوره:5 |Papers Count:8

THE BASIC OBJECTIVE OF THIS STUDY IS TO REPORT A DESCRIPTIVE COMPARISON OF EXPRESSING CONDOLENCE AND SYMPATHY IN TERMS OF CONVERSATION ANALYSIS (CA) USED BY PERSIAN AND ENGLISH NATIVE SPEAKERS’ SIDE TO DETERMINE WHETHER AND TO WHAT EXTENT INTER-LANGUAGE REALIZATION OF SPEECH ACTS OF CONDOLENCE AND SYMPATHY RESEMBLE OR DIFFER AMONG THEM. PUT ANOTHER WAY, THIS STUDY IS AN ATTEMPT TO INVESTIGATE A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF GIVING CONDOLENCES AND SYMPATHY ACROSS ENGLISH AND PERSIAN SPEAKERS. ANYHOW, ONE’S SYMPATHIES ARE THE FORMAL EXPRESSION OF PITY OR SORROW FOR SOMEONE ELSE’S MISFORTUNE. IN SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION RESEARCH AREA, SPEECH ACTS STUDIES INCLUDING CONDOLENCE AND SYMPATHY ARE OFTEN CONDUCTED TO MEASURE SL LEARNERS’ PRAGMATIC (IN) COMPETENCE. UNLIKE OTHER SPEECH ACTS, THE SPEECH ACT OF GIVING CONDOLENCES AND SYMPATHY HAS NOT YET BEEN THE SUBJECT OF CROSS-LINGUISTIC OR CROSS-CULTURAL STUDIES ACROSS PERSIAN AND OTHER LANGUAGES. SO, THIS QUALITATIVE STUDY ATTEMPTS TO INVESTIGATE A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF GIVING SYMPATHY AND CONDOLENCES ACROSS ENGLISH AND PERSIAN. HENCEFORTH, A TOTAL OF TWENTY BEREAVED FAMILIES (TEN FROM IRAN AND TEN FROM AMERICA) WERE SELECTED FOR THE PURPOSE OF COMPARING CONDOLENCE AND SYMPATHY EXPRESSIONS. THE RESULTS OF OBTAINED DATA OF THE STUDY INDICATED THAT THERE WAS NO SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE TWO GROUPS. THERE WAS ONLY A BIT DIFFERENCE IN THE AMOUNT OF EMOTIONAL EXPRESSIONS AND THE LENGTH OF EXPRESSIONS. OVERALL, THIS SHOWED THAT PERSIAN SPEAKERS WERE MORE EMOTIONAL COMPARED TO THEIR US COUNTERPART FAMILIES IN THE SPEECH ACTS OF SYMPATHY AND CONDOLENCE.

TODAY, MOST ORGANIZATIONS ARE LOOKING TO SELECT AND IMPLEMENT APPROPRIATE STANDARDS OF EXCELLENCE TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF THEIR PRODUCTS AND SERVICES AND ULTIMATELY CREATE VALUE FOR ALL STAKEHOLDERS TO ESTABLISH STANDARDS OF EXCELLENCE ARE OF STRATEGIC KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT IS INEVITABLE. THE AIM OF THIS STUDY IS STRATEGIC KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT EXCELLENCE CRITERIA SO THAT THE BACKGROUND TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN CAPITAL, PROVIDE SOCIAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL EXCELLENCE.IN THIS STUDY, IN ADDITION TO THE LITERATURE OF FUZZY DELPHI TECHNIQUE FOR REFINING AND CHOOSE A STRATEGIC KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT EXCELLENCE CRITERIA HAVE BEEN USED,THE SURVEY WAS CONDUCTED IN FOUR STAGES AND RESULTS OF EACH STAGE USING THE FORMULA OF CHENG AND LIN MODEL HAS BEEN REFINED. THE STUDY POPULATION COMPRISED 30 EXPERTS.THE ANALYSIS OF THE FIRST 47 CRITERIA, WERE SELECTED BASED ON BUSINESS EXCELLENCE MODELS,AFTER REFINING EXPERTS, AND APPROVED 13 CRITERIA IN THREE CATEGORIES: STRATEGIES, PROCESSES, AND OUTCOMES WERE ANALYZED AND THEREBY HELP CLARIFY THE CRITERIA EXTRACTED PATH OF EXCELLENCE STRATEGIC KNOWLEDGE FOR ORGANIZATIONS AND THEY CAN APPLY IMMEDIATELY TO ACHIEVE EXCELLENCE IN THE ORGANIZATION.

THE PRESENT ARTICLE STUDIES THE PHENOMENON OF INTERNET ADDICTION AS ONE OF THE SOCIAL ISSUES IN THE AGE OF COMMUNICATION. THE PHENOMENON OF INTERNET ADDICTION HAS LONG BEEN CONSIDERED IN THE DEVELOPED COUNTRIES AS ONE OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE EVER-INCREASING DEVELOPMENT OF THE ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK AND HAS A LOT OF DANGERS FOR THE INDIVIDUAL, FAMILY AND SOCIETY. THE PURPOSE OF THE PRESENT STUDY WAS TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOURAL FAMILY COUNSELLING WITH EMPHASIS ON PROBLEM-SOLVING METHODS, POSITIVE THINKING, CHANGE IN BEHAVIOUR AND LIFESTYLE IT IS A LOVE AFFAIR WITH REDUCING THE INTERNET ADDICTION OF THE FAMILY OF THE CHILDREN. THE RESEARCH METHOD IS A SINGLE CASE AND ITS TYPE IS AB. DATA WAS COLLECTED THROUGH CLINICAL INTERVIEWS AND INTERVENTIONS DURING COUNSELLING SESSIONS. AFTER COUNSELLING INTERVIEWS, MMPI, SCL90, FAD TESTS AND YOUNG'S INTERNET ADDICTION WAS CONDUCTED AS A RESEARCH TOOL. IN THIS RESEARCH, A FOUR-FAMILY FAMILY (PARENT AND DAUGHTER) WAS SELECTED THROUGH TARGETED SAMPLING. THE TREATMENT WAS PERFORMED IN 10 SESSIONS OF THERAPY. THE RESULTS SHOWED THE EFFECT OF COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOURAL COUNSELLING ON REDUCTION CHILD ADDICTION AND IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF FAMILY MEMBERS.

TASK-BASED LANGUAGE TEACHING (TBLT), ALSO KNOWN AS TASK-BASED INSTRUCTION (TBI), FOCUSES ON THE USE OF AUTHENTIC LANGUAGE AND ON ASKING STUDENTS TO DO MEANINGFUL TASKS USING THE TARGET LANGUAGE. THE PRESENT PAPER EXPLORES THE VOCABULARY TEACHING IN ESP CLASSES WITHIN THE MODEL OF TASK-BASED LANGUAGE TEACHING, FOCUSING ON ACCOUNTING STUDENTS AT SCIENTIFIC AND APPLIED UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY CENTER OF DARREHSHAHR IN IRAN. TWO HOMOGENOUS GROUPS OF STUDENTS WHO WERE TAKING THEIR ESP COURSES TOOK PART IN THE CURRENT STUDY AS CONTROL AND AN EXPERIMENTAL GROUP. A TEACHER-MADE TEST OF TECHNICAL VOCABULARY KNOWLEDGE WAS CONDUCTED AS THE PRETEST PRIOR TO THE TREATMENT. VOCABULARY IN THE CONTROL GROUP WAS TAUGHT USING A TRADITIONAL APPROACH, WHEREAS IN THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUP, TECHNICAL VOCABULARIES WERE TAUGHT ON THE BASIS OF TASK-BASED APPROACH. AT THE END OF THE COURSE, A POST-TEST WAS GIVEN TO THE STUDENTS TO CHARACTERIZE THE IMPACT OF THE TREATMENT ON THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUP. DATA ANALYSES REVEALED THAT THE TASK-BASED APPROACH WAS MORE INFLUENTIAL IN TEACHING TECHNICAL VOCABULARIES COMPARED TO THE TRADITIONAL APPROACH. BY AND LARGE, THE RESULTS INDICATED THAT THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUP LEARNERS OUTPERFORMED THE CONTROL GROUP.

IN REALITY, SENSE OF HUMOR IS LIKE A MIRACLE IN CREATING EFFECTIVE TEACHING AND LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS. THE PRESENT REPORT AIMS MAINLY AT EXPLORING THE EFFECT OF HUMOROUS TEXTS ON VOCABULARY LEARNING AND RATE OF MOTIVATION AMONG IRANIAN INTERMEDIATE EFL LEARNERS. HAVING ADMINISTERED A TEST OF VOCABULARY PROFICIENCY, SIXTY EFL LEARNERS WERE SELECTED FROM A HIGH SCHOOL AND WERE ASSIGNED INTO CONTROL AND EXPERIMENTAL GROUPS. TWO ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHERS, BASED ON TOEFL AND HUMOR QUESTIONNAIRE, WERE SELECTED TO TEACH THESE LEARNERS. THE ONE INTERESTED IN USING HUMOROUS TEXT WAS ASKED TO TEACH VOCABULARY TO THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUP. THE OTHER TEACHER INSTRUCTED VOCABULARY TO THE CONTROL GROUP IN THE NORMAL TRADITIONAL WAY. EACH STUDY GROUP CONSISTED OF THIRTY SUBJECTS. THE PROCESS, TIME PERIOD AND SESSIONS OF TEACHING AND THE MATERIALS WERE THE SAME AND EQUAL FOR BOTH GROUPS BUT THE METHOD WAS DIFFERENT FOR EACH GROUP. IN SIMPLE TERMS, PARTICIPANTS IN HUMOR CLASS WERE TAUGHT IN A WELL-DEFINED HUMOROUS ENVIRONMENT MANAGED BY THE TEACHER. TO MEASURE THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HUMOROUS TEXTS AND EFL LEARNERS' MOTIVATION IN LEARNING VOCABULARY, A PROFICIENCY VOCABULARY TEST WAS ADMINISTERED FOR BOTH GROUPS AT THE END OF THE COURSE. FINALLY, WITH REGARDS TO OBTAINED DATA, IT WAS REVEALED THAT TEACHING VOCABULARY THROUGH HUMOROUS TEXTS WAS TOUCHING IN IMPROVING LEARNERS' VOCABULARY ABILITY AND ENHANCING THEIR RATE OF MOTIVATION. IN SUMMARY, COMPARING THE RESULTS OF PRE AND POST-TEST INDICATED THAT USING HUMOROUS TEXTS AS A TREATMENT HAD A MARKED INFLUENCE ON IRANIAN HIGH SCHOOL INTERMEDIATE MALE AND FEMALE STUDENTS’ VOCABULARY ACHIEVEMENT WHEN COMPARED TO THE TRADITIONAL WAY.

NO LONGER ARE STUDENTS’ EXPERIENCES WITH NEW LANGUAGES LIMITED TO THEIR TEXTBOOKS. WITH THE PERVASIVENESS OF NEW TECHNIQUES, BOTH TEACHERS AND STUDENTS ALL OVER THE WORLD ARE SEEKING WAYS THAT WILL FURTHER ACCELERATE THEIR ABILITY TO ACQUIRE OR TEACH A SECOND OR FOREIGN LANGUAGE. RECENT YEARS HAVE WITNESSED A GROWING EMPHASIS ON THE EMPLOYMENT OF COLLABORATIVE LEARNING STRATEGY (CLS) INTO TEACHING DIFFERENT LANGUAGE SKILLS AMONG THEM READING THAT IS THE MOST IMPORTANT ONE REGARDED ESSENTIAL TO EDUCATIONAL SUCCESS. THIS STUDY ADOPTED A PRETEST/POSTTEST ASSESSMENT OF THE LEARNERS' READING PERFORMANCE TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CLS ON READING COMPREHENSION ACHIEVEMENT OF IRANIAN INTERMEDIATE EFL LEARNERS. TO THIS END, A TOTAL OF 58 INTERMEDIATE PARTICIPANTS STUDYING AT A LANGUAGE INSTITUTION IN ILAM CITY, IRAN, AGED BETWEEN 15 TO 16 WERE SELECTED THROUGH A PROFICIENCY TEST, AND THEN RANDOMLY ASSIGNED INTO TWO GROUPS OF CONTROL AND EXPERIMENTAL (N=29). TOTALLY, FOUR READING COMPREHENSION PASSAGES WERE TAUGHT FOR BOTH GROUPS DURING A SEMESTER; THE CONTROL GROUP RECEIVED INSTRUCTION THROUGH THE TRADITIONAL WAY OF TEACHING AND THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUP RECEIVED INSTRUCTION THROUGH CLS. BOTH GROUPS TOOK TWO PRE-TESTS BEFORE THE INSTRUCTION AND TWO POST-TESTS AFTER THAT. INDEPENDENT SAMPLES T-TESTS WERE RUN ON THE DATA AND THE RESULTS REVEALED THAT PARTICIPANTS USING CLS OUTPERFORMED THE CONTROL GROUP SIGNIFICANTLY IN LEARNING READING COMPREHENSION. HOPEFULLY, THE FINDINGS OF THIS STUDY SUGGEST THE PEDAGOGICAL VALUE OF CLS FOR THE TEACHING OF READING COMPREHENSION THAT CAN BE USED BY EFL TEACHERS, CURRICULUM DE SIGNERS, AND EFL LEARNERS.

SURVEY THE EFFECT OF THE ABILITY SOLVING THE LOCATION ROUTING PROBLEM USING THE ANT COLONY ALGORITHM ON THE PERFORMANCE BUSINESS OF THE ESHTEARD STEEL GROUP, SUCH AS THE COST AND DELIVERY TIME OF THE STEEL SUPPLY CHAIN. THE NECESSITY OF USING METAHEURISTIC ALGORITHMS DUE TO BETTER AND FASTER SOLVING BY PRECISE METHODS HELPS DECISION-MAKERS IN THE SUPPLY CHAIN AND CONTRIBUTES TO COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE. THE PURPOSE OF LOCATING ROUTING PROBLEM INCLUDES A NUMBER OF DEPU, VEHICLE AND CUSTOMERS, WHICH ARE SUPPOSED TO BE DESIGNED TO SERVE CUSTOMERS AND DESIGN ROUTES THAT START FROM THE VEHICLE AND MOVE BACK TO THE SAME DEPOT. THE RESEARCH IS IN TERMS OF ITS PURPOSE AND IN TERMS OF THE NATURE AND METHOD OF CONTENT ANALYSIS. VALIDATION HAS ALSO BEEN DONE BY AN ANALYTICAL METHOD WITH SEVERAL GROUPS. THE RESEARCH METHOD IS INITIATED BY GENERATING RANDOM PROBLEMS AND AFTER CODING THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL, THE OBJECTIVE FUNCTION AND TIME IS DETERMINED. THE SECOND STAGE OF THE PROBLEM ALGORITHM IS DESIGNED WITH THE HELP OF THE METHEURISTIC ALGORITHM AND OPTIMIZES THE RESULTS WITH THE DATA OF THE VALID DATA LIBRARIES WITH OTHER ALGORITHMS. AS A RESULT, THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MODEL ON THE STEEL INDUSTRY WITH THE APPROACH TO SOLVING THE ANT THE ALGORITHM IMPROVES THE PERFORMANCE OF THE STEEL COMPLEX AND INNOVATION IN THIS INDUSTRY.

MASTERING VOCABULARY KNOWLEDGE HAS ALWAYS BEEN A MAJOR CONCERN FOR LANGUAGE LEARNERS (NATION, 2002), AND IT IS CONSIDERED BY MANY INSTRUCTORS TO BE ONE OF THE TWO MAIN COMPONENTS OF LANGUAGE TEACHING, THE OTHER ONE BEING GRAMMAR INSTRUCTION. THE PRESENT THESIS RESEARCH MAINLY CONCERNS WITH THE IMPRESSION OF ETYMOLOGY INSTRUCTION ON VOCABULARY LEARNING OF IRANIAN EFL LEARNERS IN ILAM CITY, IRAN. ETYMOLOGY IS THE HISTORY OF A LINGUISTIC FORM (AS A WORD) SHOWN BY TRACING ITS DEVELOPMENT SINCE ITS EARLIEST RECORDED OCCURRENCE IN THE LANGUAGE WHERE IT IS FOUND, BY TRACING ITS TRANSMISSION FROM ONE LANGUAGE TO ANOTHER, BY ANALYZING IT INTO ITS COMPONENT PARTS, BY IDENTIFYING ITS COGNATES IN OTHER LANGUAGES, OR BY TRACING IT AND ITS COGNATES TO A COMMON ANCESTRAL FORM IN AN ANCESTRAL LANGUAGE. THE ONGOING RESEARCH WILL AIM AT EXPLORING WHETHER THERE IS ANY SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE PERFORMANCE OF LEARNERS IN LEARNING VOCABULARY THROUGH ETYMOLOGY STRATEGY OR NOT. TO DO THIS, 60 MALES AND FEMALES EFL LEARNERS STUDYING ENGLISH IN TARANOM ENGLISH LANGUAGE INSTITUTION WITHIN THE AGE RANGE OF 18 TO 21 IN A LANGUAGE INSTITUTION TOOK PART IN THIS EXPERIMENT. THEY WERE SELECTED FROM AMONG 90 EFL LEARNERS. THEIR LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY WAS DETERMINED BY A PROFICIENCY VOCABULARY BASED PRETEST. SIMPLY PUT, IN ORDER TO APPOINT THEIR HOMOGENEITY IN VOCABULARY KNOWLEDGE, A VOCABULARY BASED TEST WAS GIVEN TO THEM. THEN THEY WERE RANDOMLY DIVIDED INTO ONE CONTROL GROUP AND ONE EXPERIMENTAL GROUP, EACH INCLUDING 30 SUBJECTS. JUST THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUP RECEIVED THE TREATMENT. THE CONTROL GROUP FOLLOWED ITS NORMAL EDUCATIONAL CARRIER. AFTER EXPERIENCING THE TREATMENT SESSIONS, A POSTTEST AS THE ACHIEVEMENT TEST WAS ADMINISTERED TO DETERMINE THE IMPACT OF ETYMOLOGY INSTRUCTION APPROACH. TO DETERMINE THE STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE MEANS OF THE TWO SETS OF SCORES, A T-TEST WAS EMPLOYED. THE RESULTS OF THE STUDY MANIFESTED THAT THOSE RECEIVING TREATMENT IN THE EXPERIMENTAL GROUP OUTSHONE THOSE IN THE CONTROL GROUP. TO TEST THE SECOND HYPOTHESIS ANOTHER T-TEST USED TO ANALYZE THE DATA.